BIOLOGY 305 Exam 1 Questions with 100% Verified
Answers Latest Update
Question: Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Answer:
Yeast, eukaryote
Question: Arabidopsis thaliana
Answer:
Mouse-eared cress (plant), eukaryote
Question:
Answer:
Question: Caenorhabditis elegans
Answer:
Nematode, eukaryote
Question: Drosophilia melanogaster
Answer:
Fruit fly, eukaryote
Question: Mus musculus
Answer:
Mouse, eukaryote
Question: Mycoplasma gentalium, Bacillius subtillis, Helicobacter pylori,
E. Coli
Answer:
Eubacteria models
Question: How can you trace "descent with modification"?
Answer:
Morphology (phenotype) or DNA sequence similarities (genotype)
Question: forward genetics
, Answer:
traditional approach to the study of gene function that begins with a phenotype (a mutant
organism) and proceeds to a gene that encodes the phenotype.
Question: forward genetics examples
Answer:
mutagenesis, QTL mapping, positional cloning
Question: reverse genetics
Answer:
a form of genetic analysis that manipulates DNA to disrupt or affect the product of a gene to
analyze the gene's function
Question: reverse genetics examples
Answer:
ectopic expression, gene silencing, gene targeting, TILLING
Question: what did Sutton, Boveri, and Carothers do?
Answer:
Sutton and Boveri looked at chromosome carrying genes. Carothers used grasshopper
chromosomes to confirm independent assortment
Question: what did Levene (incorrectly) hypothesize?
Answer:
tetranucleotide with equal amounts of AGCT, not the genetic material
Question: Griffith's Experiment
Answer:
put S and R strain in mouse. R-strain only = survive. S strain only = die. heat-killed S strain
= live. R strain + heat-killed S strain = die. Takeaway: transforming principle. S-strain had
the DNA information to transform R-strain and live.
Question: Avery, McLeod, and McCarty experiment
Answer:
Repeat of Griffith, took away different parts (lipids, proteins, etc.). and the mouse only lived
when DNA was taken away Takeaway: DNA has the genetic information
Question: Hershey-Chase experiment
, Answer:
sulfur = protein, phosphorous = DNA. radiolabeled sulfur or phosphorous, and tracked it.
sulfur ended up in phage ghosts (didn't move into bacteria), phosphorous ended up in
bacteria Takeaway: DNA has info, protein is strucural support
Question: Chargaff's Rules
Answer:
1. Pyrimidines (T+C) = Purines (A+G)
2. T=A and G=C but T+A =/ G+C
Question: Astbury and Bell publication
Answer:
Thought single stranded helical, base pair length was correct. Missed dsDNA because it was
a mix of hydrated/dehydrated DNA, leading to low resolution
Question: Rosalind Franklin publication
Answer:
proved dsDNA using hydrated DNA!
Question: 1. Pyr + Pyr = too thin. Pur+Pur = too thick. must be Pur+Pyr.
2. A only with T, G only with C.
3. semi-conservative model
Answer:
Watson and Crick publication (3 findings)
Question: what are commonalities between southern, western, and northern blots?
Answer:
gel electrophoresis to separate molecules by size and labeling step to visualize molecules
Question: SNOW DROP
Answer:
southern = DNA northern = RNA western = protein
Question: gel electrophoresis
Answer:
separates linear, negatively charged molecules based on size. electric current draws
molecules through matrix, smaller molecules move faster
Answers Latest Update
Question: Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Answer:
Yeast, eukaryote
Question: Arabidopsis thaliana
Answer:
Mouse-eared cress (plant), eukaryote
Question:
Answer:
Question: Caenorhabditis elegans
Answer:
Nematode, eukaryote
Question: Drosophilia melanogaster
Answer:
Fruit fly, eukaryote
Question: Mus musculus
Answer:
Mouse, eukaryote
Question: Mycoplasma gentalium, Bacillius subtillis, Helicobacter pylori,
E. Coli
Answer:
Eubacteria models
Question: How can you trace "descent with modification"?
Answer:
Morphology (phenotype) or DNA sequence similarities (genotype)
Question: forward genetics
, Answer:
traditional approach to the study of gene function that begins with a phenotype (a mutant
organism) and proceeds to a gene that encodes the phenotype.
Question: forward genetics examples
Answer:
mutagenesis, QTL mapping, positional cloning
Question: reverse genetics
Answer:
a form of genetic analysis that manipulates DNA to disrupt or affect the product of a gene to
analyze the gene's function
Question: reverse genetics examples
Answer:
ectopic expression, gene silencing, gene targeting, TILLING
Question: what did Sutton, Boveri, and Carothers do?
Answer:
Sutton and Boveri looked at chromosome carrying genes. Carothers used grasshopper
chromosomes to confirm independent assortment
Question: what did Levene (incorrectly) hypothesize?
Answer:
tetranucleotide with equal amounts of AGCT, not the genetic material
Question: Griffith's Experiment
Answer:
put S and R strain in mouse. R-strain only = survive. S strain only = die. heat-killed S strain
= live. R strain + heat-killed S strain = die. Takeaway: transforming principle. S-strain had
the DNA information to transform R-strain and live.
Question: Avery, McLeod, and McCarty experiment
Answer:
Repeat of Griffith, took away different parts (lipids, proteins, etc.). and the mouse only lived
when DNA was taken away Takeaway: DNA has the genetic information
Question: Hershey-Chase experiment
, Answer:
sulfur = protein, phosphorous = DNA. radiolabeled sulfur or phosphorous, and tracked it.
sulfur ended up in phage ghosts (didn't move into bacteria), phosphorous ended up in
bacteria Takeaway: DNA has info, protein is strucural support
Question: Chargaff's Rules
Answer:
1. Pyrimidines (T+C) = Purines (A+G)
2. T=A and G=C but T+A =/ G+C
Question: Astbury and Bell publication
Answer:
Thought single stranded helical, base pair length was correct. Missed dsDNA because it was
a mix of hydrated/dehydrated DNA, leading to low resolution
Question: Rosalind Franklin publication
Answer:
proved dsDNA using hydrated DNA!
Question: 1. Pyr + Pyr = too thin. Pur+Pur = too thick. must be Pur+Pyr.
2. A only with T, G only with C.
3. semi-conservative model
Answer:
Watson and Crick publication (3 findings)
Question: what are commonalities between southern, western, and northern blots?
Answer:
gel electrophoresis to separate molecules by size and labeling step to visualize molecules
Question: SNOW DROP
Answer:
southern = DNA northern = RNA western = protein
Question: gel electrophoresis
Answer:
separates linear, negatively charged molecules based on size. electric current draws
molecules through matrix, smaller molecules move faster
