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, observational study we observe the individuals and measure variables of interest but do not attempt to
influence the responses
experiment deliberately impose some treatment on individuals in order to observe their responses
voluntary response sampling consists of people who choose themselves by responding to general appeal (these
people could have very strong opinions that is why they are respondinG)
convenience sampling choosing individuals who are easiest to reach (ex. polls taken at shopping malls)
simple random sample simplest way to use chance to select a sample by in essence placing names in a
population and drawing a sample
-every individual has an equal chance to be selected)
probability sample sample is chosen by chance
-no equal opportunity for all
stratified random sample divide the population into groups (strata) and then choose separate SRS in each; then
combine the SRS's to form a sample
cluster sampling divides the population into clusters; some of these clusters are randomly selected; and
THEN individuals are selected in the sample