HONORS BIOLOGY EVALUATION TEST QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS SET A+
✔✔Prophase - ✔✔Chromosomes become visable, nuclear envelop dissolves, spindle
forms
✔✔Metaphase - ✔✔Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell
✔✔Anaphase - ✔✔Phase of mitosis in which the chromosomes separate and move to
opposite ends of the cell
✔✔Telophase - ✔✔After the chromosome seperates, the cell seals off, Final Phase of
Mitosis.
✔✔Meiosis has 9 phases - ✔✔P1, M1, A1, T1, Interkinesis, P2, M2, A2, T2
✔✔Interkinesis - ✔✔Period of time between meiosis I and meiosis II during which no
DNA replication takes place.
✔✔Synapsis - ✔✔the pairing of homologous chromosomes during meiosis
✔✔Tetrad - ✔✔structure containing 4 chromatids that forms during meiosis
✔✔Crossing over - ✔✔exchange of genetic material between homologous
chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis
✔✔Chiasmata - ✔✔X-shaped regions where crossing over occurred.
✔✔Griffith - ✔✔discovered bacterial transformation
✔✔Chargaff - ✔✔The individual responsible for discovering the base pairing rules for
DNA.
, ✔✔What is A equal to - ✔✔T
✔✔What is G equal to - ✔✔C
✔✔RNA bases - ✔✔A=U and G=C
✔✔Purines - ✔✔Adenine and Guanine
✔✔Pyrimidines - ✔✔Cytosine and Thymine
✔✔Watson and Crick - ✔✔Discovery of DNA
✔✔Characteristics of DNA - ✔✔double stranded, deoxyribose backbone, T as one of its
bases
✔✔Replication fork - ✔✔A Y-shaped region on a replicating DNA molecule where new
strands are growing.
✔✔Leading strand - ✔✔synthesized continuously from 5' to 3'
✔✔Lagging strand - ✔✔DNA synthesized away from the replication fork from 3' to 5'
✔✔Gyrase - ✔✔Relieves tension in an unwinding DNA strand
✔✔Helicase - ✔✔An enzyme that untwists the double helix of DNA at the replication
forks.
✔✔DNA Polymerase 1 - ✔✔enzyme that replaces RNA primers with DNA nucleotides
✔✔DNA Polymerase 3 - ✔✔In charge of synthesizing nucleotides onto the leading end
in the classic 5' to 3' direction.
✔✔RNA Primase - ✔✔An enzyme that creates an RNA primer for initiation of DNA
replication.
✔✔Ligase - ✔✔Connects Okazaki fragments
✔✔How is DNA read? - ✔✔5' to 3'
✔✔In what direction is DNA replicated in? - ✔✔Towards the Replication Fork
✔✔rRNA - ✔✔Ribosomal RNA
AND ANSWERS SET A+
✔✔Prophase - ✔✔Chromosomes become visable, nuclear envelop dissolves, spindle
forms
✔✔Metaphase - ✔✔Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell
✔✔Anaphase - ✔✔Phase of mitosis in which the chromosomes separate and move to
opposite ends of the cell
✔✔Telophase - ✔✔After the chromosome seperates, the cell seals off, Final Phase of
Mitosis.
✔✔Meiosis has 9 phases - ✔✔P1, M1, A1, T1, Interkinesis, P2, M2, A2, T2
✔✔Interkinesis - ✔✔Period of time between meiosis I and meiosis II during which no
DNA replication takes place.
✔✔Synapsis - ✔✔the pairing of homologous chromosomes during meiosis
✔✔Tetrad - ✔✔structure containing 4 chromatids that forms during meiosis
✔✔Crossing over - ✔✔exchange of genetic material between homologous
chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis
✔✔Chiasmata - ✔✔X-shaped regions where crossing over occurred.
✔✔Griffith - ✔✔discovered bacterial transformation
✔✔Chargaff - ✔✔The individual responsible for discovering the base pairing rules for
DNA.
, ✔✔What is A equal to - ✔✔T
✔✔What is G equal to - ✔✔C
✔✔RNA bases - ✔✔A=U and G=C
✔✔Purines - ✔✔Adenine and Guanine
✔✔Pyrimidines - ✔✔Cytosine and Thymine
✔✔Watson and Crick - ✔✔Discovery of DNA
✔✔Characteristics of DNA - ✔✔double stranded, deoxyribose backbone, T as one of its
bases
✔✔Replication fork - ✔✔A Y-shaped region on a replicating DNA molecule where new
strands are growing.
✔✔Leading strand - ✔✔synthesized continuously from 5' to 3'
✔✔Lagging strand - ✔✔DNA synthesized away from the replication fork from 3' to 5'
✔✔Gyrase - ✔✔Relieves tension in an unwinding DNA strand
✔✔Helicase - ✔✔An enzyme that untwists the double helix of DNA at the replication
forks.
✔✔DNA Polymerase 1 - ✔✔enzyme that replaces RNA primers with DNA nucleotides
✔✔DNA Polymerase 3 - ✔✔In charge of synthesizing nucleotides onto the leading end
in the classic 5' to 3' direction.
✔✔RNA Primase - ✔✔An enzyme that creates an RNA primer for initiation of DNA
replication.
✔✔Ligase - ✔✔Connects Okazaki fragments
✔✔How is DNA read? - ✔✔5' to 3'
✔✔In what direction is DNA replicated in? - ✔✔Towards the Replication Fork
✔✔rRNA - ✔✔Ribosomal RNA
