NUR 452 Final Exam Questions with 100%
Correct Answers
community-oriented nursing
Goal is to preserve, protect, promote, or maintain health of Individuals, families, groups,
populations, communities
Health care to promote quality of life
Also called population health/ population focused/ population oriented
Main focus is community/ population health
Focused on nursing health promotion and disease prevention in the community.
No direct care for individuals!
Public health
community-based nursing
Focus on illness care of individuals and familiesManage acute and chronic illness in the
communityFamily centered illness care(For example: Home health nurse, School Nurse)
assessment (core function)
Monitor health status to identify community health problemsDiagnose and investigate health
problems and health hazards in the community
policy development (core function)
Inform, educate, and empower people about health issuesMobilize community partnerships to
identify and solve health problemsDevelop policies and plans that support individual and
community health efforts
,Assurance (core function)
Enforce laws and regulations that protect health and assure safety
Link people to needed personal health services and assure the provision of health care when
otherwise unavailable
Assure a competent public health and personal healthcare workforce
Evaluate effectiveness, accessibility, and quality of personal and population-based
health services
Research for new insights and innovative solutions to health problems
upstream
determinants of public health are overarching factors that are largely outside of the control
of the individual and which have significant trickle-down effects on other, more proximal
determinants of public health.
- social, institutional inequities, and living conditions
downstream
determinants of public health can be seen as the outcomes of up and midstream factors and
variables. In some respects, downstream determinants are more easily mitigated or
prevented by the individual, such as a change in eating habits or reducing risk of injury on
the job
- Risk behaviors, disease and injury, and mortality
health disparities
- "differences in the incidence, prevalence, mortality, and burden of diseases and other
adverse health conditions that exist among specific population groups in the U.S." (NIH)-
, "differences that occur by gender, race or ethnicity, education or incomes, disability, living in
rural localities, or sexual orientation (HP 2020)- "population specific differences in the
presence of disease, health outcomes, or access to care" (HRSA)
poverty
Insufficient resources to meet basic living expenses
A variety of conditions involving differences in home and environment, material possessions,
educational and occupational and financial resources
More likely to: Live in dangerous environments, Work at high-risk jobs, Eat less nutritious
foods, Have multiple stressors, Lack emotional resources to handle crises
effects of poverty on children
Higher rates of prematurity, low birth weight, and birth defects
Higher infant mortality rates
Increased incidence of: Chronic disease, Traumatic death and injuries, Nutritional deficits,
Growth retardation and developmental delays, Iron deficiency anemia, Elevated blood lead
levels, Infections
Increased risk for homelessness
Decreased opportunities for education, income, and occupation
homelessness effects on health
increased incidence of communicable diseases, Poor nutritional status, Lack of adequate
hygiene, Exposure (hypo and hyperthermia), Trauma, Increased incidence of substance abuse
and mental illness, Have fewer resources than even the poor, Require a network of services
barriers to healthcare in homelessness
Correct Answers
community-oriented nursing
Goal is to preserve, protect, promote, or maintain health of Individuals, families, groups,
populations, communities
Health care to promote quality of life
Also called population health/ population focused/ population oriented
Main focus is community/ population health
Focused on nursing health promotion and disease prevention in the community.
No direct care for individuals!
Public health
community-based nursing
Focus on illness care of individuals and familiesManage acute and chronic illness in the
communityFamily centered illness care(For example: Home health nurse, School Nurse)
assessment (core function)
Monitor health status to identify community health problemsDiagnose and investigate health
problems and health hazards in the community
policy development (core function)
Inform, educate, and empower people about health issuesMobilize community partnerships to
identify and solve health problemsDevelop policies and plans that support individual and
community health efforts
,Assurance (core function)
Enforce laws and regulations that protect health and assure safety
Link people to needed personal health services and assure the provision of health care when
otherwise unavailable
Assure a competent public health and personal healthcare workforce
Evaluate effectiveness, accessibility, and quality of personal and population-based
health services
Research for new insights and innovative solutions to health problems
upstream
determinants of public health are overarching factors that are largely outside of the control
of the individual and which have significant trickle-down effects on other, more proximal
determinants of public health.
- social, institutional inequities, and living conditions
downstream
determinants of public health can be seen as the outcomes of up and midstream factors and
variables. In some respects, downstream determinants are more easily mitigated or
prevented by the individual, such as a change in eating habits or reducing risk of injury on
the job
- Risk behaviors, disease and injury, and mortality
health disparities
- "differences in the incidence, prevalence, mortality, and burden of diseases and other
adverse health conditions that exist among specific population groups in the U.S." (NIH)-
, "differences that occur by gender, race or ethnicity, education or incomes, disability, living in
rural localities, or sexual orientation (HP 2020)- "population specific differences in the
presence of disease, health outcomes, or access to care" (HRSA)
poverty
Insufficient resources to meet basic living expenses
A variety of conditions involving differences in home and environment, material possessions,
educational and occupational and financial resources
More likely to: Live in dangerous environments, Work at high-risk jobs, Eat less nutritious
foods, Have multiple stressors, Lack emotional resources to handle crises
effects of poverty on children
Higher rates of prematurity, low birth weight, and birth defects
Higher infant mortality rates
Increased incidence of: Chronic disease, Traumatic death and injuries, Nutritional deficits,
Growth retardation and developmental delays, Iron deficiency anemia, Elevated blood lead
levels, Infections
Increased risk for homelessness
Decreased opportunities for education, income, and occupation
homelessness effects on health
increased incidence of communicable diseases, Poor nutritional status, Lack of adequate
hygiene, Exposure (hypo and hyperthermia), Trauma, Increased incidence of substance abuse
and mental illness, Have fewer resources than even the poor, Require a network of services
barriers to healthcare in homelessness
