MULTICULTURAL COUNSELING UPDATED TEST
PAPER QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SET A+
✔✔microaggressions - ✔✔brief, everyday exchanges that send "denigrating messages"
to a target group such as people of color, women, and gays - subtle in nature, can be
manifested in verbal, nonverbal, visual, or behavioral realm
✔✔overt sexism - ✔✔blatant, unequal, and unfair treatment of women
✔✔covert sexism - ✔✔unequal and harmful treatment of women that is conducted in a
hidden manner
✔✔subtle sexism - ✔✔unequal and unfair treatment of women that is not recognized by
many people because it is perceived to be normative and therefore does not appear
unusual
✔✔aversive racism - ✔✔manifested in individuals who consciously assert egalitarian
values, but unconsciously hold anti-minority feelings - sympathize with victims of past
injustice, support principles of racial equality, and regard themselves as nonprejudiced
but possess negative feelings and beliefs about historically disadvantaged groups that
may be unconscious
✔✔antigay harassment - ✔✔verbal or physical behavior that injures, interferes with, or
intimidates lesbian women, gay men, and bisexual individuals
✔✔old-fashioned homonegativity - ✔✔antigay sentiment that is based on religious or
moral condemnations
✔✔modern homonegativity - ✔✔belief that prejudice against LGB persons no longer
exists and that this group contributes to its own marginalization by overemphasizing
sexual orientation
,✔✔microaggressions - ✔✔bried and commonplace daily verbal or behavioral indignities,
whether intentional or unintentional, that communicate hostile, derogatory, or negative
racial slights and insults that potentially have a harmful or unpleasant psychological
impact on the target person or group
✔✔microassault - ✔✔type of microaggression that is blatant, verbal, nonverbal or an
environmental attack intended to convey discriminatory and biased sentiments
✔✔microinsult - ✔✔type of microaggression that are unintentional behaviors or verbal
comments that convey rudeness or insensitivity or demean a person's racial heritage
identity, gender identity, or sexual orientation identity
✔✔microinvalidation - ✔✔type of microaggression that are verbal comments or
behaviors that exclude, negate, or dismiss the psychological thoughts, feelings, or
experiential reality of the target group - unintentional and usually outside of the person's
awareness
✔✔alien in their own land - ✔✔when asian americans and latino americans are
assumed to be foreign born
✔✔ascription of intelligence - ✔✔assigning intelligence to a person of color or a woman
based on their race/gender
✔✔color blindness - ✔✔statements that indicate a white person does not want to
acknowledge race
✔✔criminality/assumption of criminal status - ✔✔a person of color is presumed to be
dangerous, a criminal, or a deviant based on their race
✔✔use of sexist/heterosexist language - ✔✔terms that exclude or degrade women and
LGB persons
✔✔denial of individual racism/sexism/heterosexism - ✔✔a statement made when bias is
denied
✔✔myth of meritocracy - ✔✔statements which assert that race or gender does not play
a role in life successes
✔✔pathologiing cultural values/communication styles - ✔✔the notion that the values
and communication styles of the dominant/white culture are ideal
✔✔second class citizen - ✔✔occurs when a target group member receives differential
treatment from the power group
, ✔✔traditional gender role prejudicing and stereotyping - ✔✔occurs when expectation of
traditional roles or stereotypes are conveyed
✔✔sexual objectification - ✔✔occurs when women are treated like objects at men's
disposal
✔✔assumption of abnormality - ✔✔occurs when it is implied that there is something
wrong with being LGB
✔✔dilemna 1 or microaggressions: clash of racial identities - ✔✔individuals in power
positions do not consider themselves capable of discrimination based on race, gender,
or sexual orientation because they believe themselves free of bias - perceptions held by
the dominant group differ significantly from marginalized groups in our society
✔✔dilemna 2 or microaggressions: invisibility of unintentional expression of bias -
✔✔that the microaggression is essentially invisible to the perpetrator creates a
psycological dilemna for victims that can leave them frustrated, feeling powerless, and
even questioning their own sanity
✔✔dilemna 3 of microaggressions: perceived minimal harm of microaggressions -
✔✔when perpetrators are confronted about microaggressions, they accuse the victim of
overreacting or being hypersensitive, or touchy
✔✔dileman 4 of microaggressions: catch-22 of responding to microaggressions -
✔✔when a microaggression occurs, the recipient is often placed in an unenviable
position of having to decide what to do
✔✔hypersensitive - ✔✔sensitive about sexual orientation, race, gender etc. as if there is
no valid reason she should be
✔✔overly emotional - ✔✔gender stereotype about women implying that they are
emotional and by association irrational when it comes to making sense of real issues
✔✔empowering and validating the self - ✔✔a process of interrupting the racism by
calling it what it is and staying true to one's thoughts and feelings - the an incident is
related to racism as they thought
✔✔expertness - ✔✔an ability component that is a function of how much knowledge,
training, experience and skills clinicians possess with repsect to the populations being
treated
✔✔trustworthiness - ✔✔a motivational component that encompasses trust, honesty,
and genuiness of a therapist
PAPER QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SET A+
✔✔microaggressions - ✔✔brief, everyday exchanges that send "denigrating messages"
to a target group such as people of color, women, and gays - subtle in nature, can be
manifested in verbal, nonverbal, visual, or behavioral realm
✔✔overt sexism - ✔✔blatant, unequal, and unfair treatment of women
✔✔covert sexism - ✔✔unequal and harmful treatment of women that is conducted in a
hidden manner
✔✔subtle sexism - ✔✔unequal and unfair treatment of women that is not recognized by
many people because it is perceived to be normative and therefore does not appear
unusual
✔✔aversive racism - ✔✔manifested in individuals who consciously assert egalitarian
values, but unconsciously hold anti-minority feelings - sympathize with victims of past
injustice, support principles of racial equality, and regard themselves as nonprejudiced
but possess negative feelings and beliefs about historically disadvantaged groups that
may be unconscious
✔✔antigay harassment - ✔✔verbal or physical behavior that injures, interferes with, or
intimidates lesbian women, gay men, and bisexual individuals
✔✔old-fashioned homonegativity - ✔✔antigay sentiment that is based on religious or
moral condemnations
✔✔modern homonegativity - ✔✔belief that prejudice against LGB persons no longer
exists and that this group contributes to its own marginalization by overemphasizing
sexual orientation
,✔✔microaggressions - ✔✔bried and commonplace daily verbal or behavioral indignities,
whether intentional or unintentional, that communicate hostile, derogatory, or negative
racial slights and insults that potentially have a harmful or unpleasant psychological
impact on the target person or group
✔✔microassault - ✔✔type of microaggression that is blatant, verbal, nonverbal or an
environmental attack intended to convey discriminatory and biased sentiments
✔✔microinsult - ✔✔type of microaggression that are unintentional behaviors or verbal
comments that convey rudeness or insensitivity or demean a person's racial heritage
identity, gender identity, or sexual orientation identity
✔✔microinvalidation - ✔✔type of microaggression that are verbal comments or
behaviors that exclude, negate, or dismiss the psychological thoughts, feelings, or
experiential reality of the target group - unintentional and usually outside of the person's
awareness
✔✔alien in their own land - ✔✔when asian americans and latino americans are
assumed to be foreign born
✔✔ascription of intelligence - ✔✔assigning intelligence to a person of color or a woman
based on their race/gender
✔✔color blindness - ✔✔statements that indicate a white person does not want to
acknowledge race
✔✔criminality/assumption of criminal status - ✔✔a person of color is presumed to be
dangerous, a criminal, or a deviant based on their race
✔✔use of sexist/heterosexist language - ✔✔terms that exclude or degrade women and
LGB persons
✔✔denial of individual racism/sexism/heterosexism - ✔✔a statement made when bias is
denied
✔✔myth of meritocracy - ✔✔statements which assert that race or gender does not play
a role in life successes
✔✔pathologiing cultural values/communication styles - ✔✔the notion that the values
and communication styles of the dominant/white culture are ideal
✔✔second class citizen - ✔✔occurs when a target group member receives differential
treatment from the power group
, ✔✔traditional gender role prejudicing and stereotyping - ✔✔occurs when expectation of
traditional roles or stereotypes are conveyed
✔✔sexual objectification - ✔✔occurs when women are treated like objects at men's
disposal
✔✔assumption of abnormality - ✔✔occurs when it is implied that there is something
wrong with being LGB
✔✔dilemna 1 or microaggressions: clash of racial identities - ✔✔individuals in power
positions do not consider themselves capable of discrimination based on race, gender,
or sexual orientation because they believe themselves free of bias - perceptions held by
the dominant group differ significantly from marginalized groups in our society
✔✔dilemna 2 or microaggressions: invisibility of unintentional expression of bias -
✔✔that the microaggression is essentially invisible to the perpetrator creates a
psycological dilemna for victims that can leave them frustrated, feeling powerless, and
even questioning their own sanity
✔✔dilemna 3 of microaggressions: perceived minimal harm of microaggressions -
✔✔when perpetrators are confronted about microaggressions, they accuse the victim of
overreacting or being hypersensitive, or touchy
✔✔dileman 4 of microaggressions: catch-22 of responding to microaggressions -
✔✔when a microaggression occurs, the recipient is often placed in an unenviable
position of having to decide what to do
✔✔hypersensitive - ✔✔sensitive about sexual orientation, race, gender etc. as if there is
no valid reason she should be
✔✔overly emotional - ✔✔gender stereotype about women implying that they are
emotional and by association irrational when it comes to making sense of real issues
✔✔empowering and validating the self - ✔✔a process of interrupting the racism by
calling it what it is and staying true to one's thoughts and feelings - the an incident is
related to racism as they thought
✔✔expertness - ✔✔an ability component that is a function of how much knowledge,
training, experience and skills clinicians possess with repsect to the populations being
treated
✔✔trustworthiness - ✔✔a motivational component that encompasses trust, honesty,
and genuiness of a therapist
