MULTICULTURAL COUNSELING CORE MAIN
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SET A+
✔✔paralanguage - ✔✔refers to other vocal cues that individuals use to communicate
including loudness of voice, pauses, silences, hesitations, rate, and inflections.
✔✔high context communication - ✔✔anchored by the physical context (situation) or
internalized in the person, relies heavily on nonverbals and group
identification/understanding shared by those communicating
✔✔low context communication - ✔✔place a greater reliance on the verbal part of the
message, more opportunistic, more individual rather than group oriented, and
emphasize rules of law and procedure (includes U.S.)
✔✔restricted codes - ✔✔observed in families where words and sentences collapse and
are shortened without loss of meaning (H.C.
✔✔elaborated codes - ✔✔where many words are used to communicate the same
content, are seen in classrooms, diplomacy, and law (L.C.)
✔✔rapping - ✔✔originally a dialogue between a man and a woman in which the intent
was to win over the admiration of the woman - likened to a mating call
✔✔woofing - ✔✔exchange of threats and challenges to fight
✔✔playing the dozens - ✔✔highest form of verbal warfare and impromptu speaking
✔✔dozens - ✔✔used by slave owners to refer to persons with disabilities - were
considered damaged goods and therefore would have been sold with eleven other
"damaged" slaves
✔✔personalismo - ✔✔personal orientation of the Hispanic family
, ✔✔machismo - ✔✔used in many Latino cultures to indicate maleness, virility, and the
man's role as provider and protector of the family - superior sexually
✔✔marianismo - ✔✔derived form the cult of Virgin Mary - women are seen as morally
and spiritually superior and capable of enduring greater suffering - women are expected
to keep themselves sexually pure and to be self-sacrificing in favor of their children and
especially the husband - she is caretaker of the family and homemaker
✔✔communications approach - ✔✔based on the assumption that family problems are
communication difficulties
✔✔structural approach - ✔✔considers communication to be important, but emphasizes
the interlocking roles of family members
✔✔ethnic minority reality - ✔✔refers to the racism and poverty that dominate the lives of
minorities
✔✔biculturalism - ✔✔refers to the fact that minorities in the U.S. inherit two cultural
traditions
✔✔ethnic differences in minority status - ✔✔refer to the life experiences and
adjustments that occur as a result of minority status in the U.S.
✔✔people-nature relationship - ✔✔traditional western thinking believes in mastery and
control over nature, the four other ethnic groups view people as harmonious with nature
✔✔multicultural family counseling: a conceptual model - ✔✔this model allows us to
understand the worldviews of culturally diverse families by contrasting the value
orientations of the four main groups
✔✔time dimension - ✔✔how differnt societies, cultures, and people view time exerts a
pervasive influence on their lives
U.S. future
Asian and Hispanis Americans past-present
American Indians and Black Americans present
✔✔relational dimension - ✔✔individualistic - definition of family tends to be linked to a
biological necessity or nuclear family - U.S. only
collateral or lineal - encompasses various concepts of the extended family - all others
✔✔activity dimension - ✔✔action (doing) environment vs. being - in becoming mode of
activity
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SET A+
✔✔paralanguage - ✔✔refers to other vocal cues that individuals use to communicate
including loudness of voice, pauses, silences, hesitations, rate, and inflections.
✔✔high context communication - ✔✔anchored by the physical context (situation) or
internalized in the person, relies heavily on nonverbals and group
identification/understanding shared by those communicating
✔✔low context communication - ✔✔place a greater reliance on the verbal part of the
message, more opportunistic, more individual rather than group oriented, and
emphasize rules of law and procedure (includes U.S.)
✔✔restricted codes - ✔✔observed in families where words and sentences collapse and
are shortened without loss of meaning (H.C.
✔✔elaborated codes - ✔✔where many words are used to communicate the same
content, are seen in classrooms, diplomacy, and law (L.C.)
✔✔rapping - ✔✔originally a dialogue between a man and a woman in which the intent
was to win over the admiration of the woman - likened to a mating call
✔✔woofing - ✔✔exchange of threats and challenges to fight
✔✔playing the dozens - ✔✔highest form of verbal warfare and impromptu speaking
✔✔dozens - ✔✔used by slave owners to refer to persons with disabilities - were
considered damaged goods and therefore would have been sold with eleven other
"damaged" slaves
✔✔personalismo - ✔✔personal orientation of the Hispanic family
, ✔✔machismo - ✔✔used in many Latino cultures to indicate maleness, virility, and the
man's role as provider and protector of the family - superior sexually
✔✔marianismo - ✔✔derived form the cult of Virgin Mary - women are seen as morally
and spiritually superior and capable of enduring greater suffering - women are expected
to keep themselves sexually pure and to be self-sacrificing in favor of their children and
especially the husband - she is caretaker of the family and homemaker
✔✔communications approach - ✔✔based on the assumption that family problems are
communication difficulties
✔✔structural approach - ✔✔considers communication to be important, but emphasizes
the interlocking roles of family members
✔✔ethnic minority reality - ✔✔refers to the racism and poverty that dominate the lives of
minorities
✔✔biculturalism - ✔✔refers to the fact that minorities in the U.S. inherit two cultural
traditions
✔✔ethnic differences in minority status - ✔✔refer to the life experiences and
adjustments that occur as a result of minority status in the U.S.
✔✔people-nature relationship - ✔✔traditional western thinking believes in mastery and
control over nature, the four other ethnic groups view people as harmonious with nature
✔✔multicultural family counseling: a conceptual model - ✔✔this model allows us to
understand the worldviews of culturally diverse families by contrasting the value
orientations of the four main groups
✔✔time dimension - ✔✔how differnt societies, cultures, and people view time exerts a
pervasive influence on their lives
U.S. future
Asian and Hispanis Americans past-present
American Indians and Black Americans present
✔✔relational dimension - ✔✔individualistic - definition of family tends to be linked to a
biological necessity or nuclear family - U.S. only
collateral or lineal - encompasses various concepts of the extended family - all others
✔✔activity dimension - ✔✔action (doing) environment vs. being - in becoming mode of
activity
