NSGA 142 Final Exam Study Guide
Questions and Correct Answers 2026
Updated.
Crowded living conditions - Answer Increase the transmission of communicable diseases.
Implicit bias - Answer Unconscious assumptions influencing decision making, such as assuming
non-compliance based on appearance.
Cephalocaudal development - Answer Developmental pattern where growth occurs from head
to toe.
Proximodistal development - Answer Developmental pattern where growth occurs from the
center of the body outward.
Piaget's Sensorimotor stage - Answer Birth to 2 years; learns via senses and movement; object
permanence by ~8 months.
Erikson's Trust vs Mistrust - Answer Infant stage where consistent caregiving builds trust.
Psychosocial - Answer Loss of roles, isolation → depression risk. Encourage purpose, activity,
social ties.
Wellness Checkups Across Lifespan - Answer Infant: immunizations, growth monitoring,
developmental milestones.
School-age/adolescent checkups - Answer Dental care, hearing/vision, risk counseling.
Adult checkups - Answer BP, cholesterol, diabetes, cancer screenings.
Older adult checkups - Answer Fall risk, cognitive screening, med reconciliation.
Veracity - Answer Tell the truth; honesty builds trust, even when news is bad.
Fidelity - Answer Keep promises; follow through on what you say you'll do.
, Code of Ethics for Nurses - Answer Upholds advocacy, accountability, responsibility, and
confidentiality.
Correcting Documentation Mistakes - Answer If you make a mistake → single line through
entry, "error," initials, correct entry.
Pain Assessment - Answer Pain is whatever the patient says it is.
Referred Pain - Answer Felt in an area distant from origin (e.g., shoulder pain from
gallbladder).
PQRST Mnemonic - Answer P - Provokes, Q - Quality, R - Region/Radiation, S - Severity, T -
Timing.
Incontinence or urgency - Answer A condition characterized by the involuntary loss of urine or
a strong, sudden need to urinate.
Orthostatic hypotension - Answer A form of low blood pressure that happens when standing
up from sitting or lying down.
Cognitive impairment - Answer A decline in memory, thinking skills, and ability to perform
everyday activities.
Extrinsic (environmental) fall risk factors - Answer Conditions in the environment that increase
the risk of falling, such as clutter and poor lighting.
Fall Risk Assessment - Answer The process of evaluating a patient's risk of falling using
standardized tools like the Morse Fall Scale.
Home Safety for Older Adults - Answer Measures taken to ensure a safe living environment for
older adults, including removing throw rugs and installing grab bars.
Body Mechanics & Safe Patient Handling - Answer Techniques to safely lift and move patients,
including using a wide stance and keeping objects close to the body.
Patient Positioning & Transfers - Answer The practice of placing patients in specific positions to
improve comfort and safety during care.
Questions and Correct Answers 2026
Updated.
Crowded living conditions - Answer Increase the transmission of communicable diseases.
Implicit bias - Answer Unconscious assumptions influencing decision making, such as assuming
non-compliance based on appearance.
Cephalocaudal development - Answer Developmental pattern where growth occurs from head
to toe.
Proximodistal development - Answer Developmental pattern where growth occurs from the
center of the body outward.
Piaget's Sensorimotor stage - Answer Birth to 2 years; learns via senses and movement; object
permanence by ~8 months.
Erikson's Trust vs Mistrust - Answer Infant stage where consistent caregiving builds trust.
Psychosocial - Answer Loss of roles, isolation → depression risk. Encourage purpose, activity,
social ties.
Wellness Checkups Across Lifespan - Answer Infant: immunizations, growth monitoring,
developmental milestones.
School-age/adolescent checkups - Answer Dental care, hearing/vision, risk counseling.
Adult checkups - Answer BP, cholesterol, diabetes, cancer screenings.
Older adult checkups - Answer Fall risk, cognitive screening, med reconciliation.
Veracity - Answer Tell the truth; honesty builds trust, even when news is bad.
Fidelity - Answer Keep promises; follow through on what you say you'll do.
, Code of Ethics for Nurses - Answer Upholds advocacy, accountability, responsibility, and
confidentiality.
Correcting Documentation Mistakes - Answer If you make a mistake → single line through
entry, "error," initials, correct entry.
Pain Assessment - Answer Pain is whatever the patient says it is.
Referred Pain - Answer Felt in an area distant from origin (e.g., shoulder pain from
gallbladder).
PQRST Mnemonic - Answer P - Provokes, Q - Quality, R - Region/Radiation, S - Severity, T -
Timing.
Incontinence or urgency - Answer A condition characterized by the involuntary loss of urine or
a strong, sudden need to urinate.
Orthostatic hypotension - Answer A form of low blood pressure that happens when standing
up from sitting or lying down.
Cognitive impairment - Answer A decline in memory, thinking skills, and ability to perform
everyday activities.
Extrinsic (environmental) fall risk factors - Answer Conditions in the environment that increase
the risk of falling, such as clutter and poor lighting.
Fall Risk Assessment - Answer The process of evaluating a patient's risk of falling using
standardized tools like the Morse Fall Scale.
Home Safety for Older Adults - Answer Measures taken to ensure a safe living environment for
older adults, including removing throw rugs and installing grab bars.
Body Mechanics & Safe Patient Handling - Answer Techniques to safely lift and move patients,
including using a wide stance and keeping objects close to the body.
Patient Positioning & Transfers - Answer The practice of placing patients in specific positions to
improve comfort and safety during care.
