ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
By
Dr Minakshi Pathak
Sri Satya Sai University of Technology and Medical Sciences Page 1
, ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
The Anatomy and Physiology module introduces the structure and function
of the human body. You will read about the cells, tissues and membranes
that make up our bodies and how our major systems function to help us
develop and stay healthy.
In this module you will learn to:
Describe basic human body functions and life process.
Name the major human body systems and relate their functions.
Describe the anatomical locations, structures and physiological
functions of the main components of each major system of the human
body.
INTRODUCTION TO THE HUMAN BODY
Human beings are arguably the most complex organisms on this planet.
Imagine billions of microscopic parts, each with its own identity, working
together in an organized manner for the benefit of the total being. The
human body is a single structure but it is made up of billions of smaller
structures of four major kinds:
Cells
Cells have long been recognized as the simplest units of living matter that
can maintain life and reproduce themselves. The human body, which is
made up of numerous cells, begins as a single, newly fertilized cell.
Tissues
Sri Satya Sai University of Technology and Medical Sciences Page 2
,Tissues are somewhat more complex units than cells. By definition, a tissue
is an organization of a great many similar cells with varying amounts and
kinds of nonliving, intercellular substance between them.
Organs
Organs are more complex units than tissues. An organ is an organization of
several different kinds of tissues so arranged that together they can perform
a special function. For example, the stomach is an organization of muscle,
connective, epithelial, and nervous tissues. Muscle and connective tissues
form its wall, epithelial and connective tissues form its lining, and nervous
tissue extends throughout both its wall and its lining.
Systems
Systems are the most complex of the component units of the human body. A
system is an organization of varying numbers and kinds of organs so
arranged that together they can perform complex functions for the body. Ten
major systems compose the human body:
Skeletal
Muscular
Nervous
Endocrine
Cardiovascular
Lymphatic
Respiratory
Digestive
Sri Satya Sai University of Technology and Medical Sciences Page 3
, Urinary
Reproductive
Anatomy is the study of the structure and relationship between body parts.
Physiology is the study of the function of body parts and the body as a
whole.
The structure of an organism or any of its parts. The scientific study of the
shape and structure of organisms and their parts. Anatomy Definition. The
Sri Satya Sai University of Technology and Medical Sciences Page 4
By
Dr Minakshi Pathak
Sri Satya Sai University of Technology and Medical Sciences Page 1
, ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
The Anatomy and Physiology module introduces the structure and function
of the human body. You will read about the cells, tissues and membranes
that make up our bodies and how our major systems function to help us
develop and stay healthy.
In this module you will learn to:
Describe basic human body functions and life process.
Name the major human body systems and relate their functions.
Describe the anatomical locations, structures and physiological
functions of the main components of each major system of the human
body.
INTRODUCTION TO THE HUMAN BODY
Human beings are arguably the most complex organisms on this planet.
Imagine billions of microscopic parts, each with its own identity, working
together in an organized manner for the benefit of the total being. The
human body is a single structure but it is made up of billions of smaller
structures of four major kinds:
Cells
Cells have long been recognized as the simplest units of living matter that
can maintain life and reproduce themselves. The human body, which is
made up of numerous cells, begins as a single, newly fertilized cell.
Tissues
Sri Satya Sai University of Technology and Medical Sciences Page 2
,Tissues are somewhat more complex units than cells. By definition, a tissue
is an organization of a great many similar cells with varying amounts and
kinds of nonliving, intercellular substance between them.
Organs
Organs are more complex units than tissues. An organ is an organization of
several different kinds of tissues so arranged that together they can perform
a special function. For example, the stomach is an organization of muscle,
connective, epithelial, and nervous tissues. Muscle and connective tissues
form its wall, epithelial and connective tissues form its lining, and nervous
tissue extends throughout both its wall and its lining.
Systems
Systems are the most complex of the component units of the human body. A
system is an organization of varying numbers and kinds of organs so
arranged that together they can perform complex functions for the body. Ten
major systems compose the human body:
Skeletal
Muscular
Nervous
Endocrine
Cardiovascular
Lymphatic
Respiratory
Digestive
Sri Satya Sai University of Technology and Medical Sciences Page 3
, Urinary
Reproductive
Anatomy is the study of the structure and relationship between body parts.
Physiology is the study of the function of body parts and the body as a
whole.
The structure of an organism or any of its parts. The scientific study of the
shape and structure of organisms and their parts. Anatomy Definition. The
Sri Satya Sai University of Technology and Medical Sciences Page 4
