NBCOT HAND AND UPPER EXTREMITY
INJURIES ACTUAL EXAM PAPER 2026
QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS VERIFIED
ANSWERS
●● Bones of the forearm.
Answer: radius, ulna, humerus
●● Muscles of B UE.
Answer: deltoid, triceps, anconeus, biceps brachii, brachialis,
brachioradialis
●● UE blood supplied by arteries?.
Answer: brachial and brachiocephalic arteries
●● Muscles that originate from the lateral epicondyle include:.
Answer: anconeus, brachioradialis, supinator, extensor carpi radialis
longus (ECRL), extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB), extensor carpi
ulnaris (ECU), extensor digitorum (ED), and extensor digiti minimi
(EDM)
●● Muscles that originate from the medial epicondyle include:.
,Answer: pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis (FCR), flexor carpi ulnaris
(FCU), palmaris longus (PL), and (FDS) flexor digitorum superficialis
●● Main arteries supplying blood to the hand and wrist are:.
Answer: radial and ulnar arteries
●● Sensory receptors of the hand include: (3 things).
Answer: Pacinian corpuscles (vibration, Ruffini end organs (tension),
Merkel cells (pressure)
●● Evaluation of hand and UE.
Answer: 1. Check for pain
2. Adhesions
3. Edema
4. Use provocative nerve tests to elicit symptoms and clarify the injury
●● Specific Testing (tools - hand/UE/LE).
Answer: ROM: goniometer
Strength: MMT, dynamometer, pinch gauge meter
Edema: volumeter or centimeter tape
Vascular: obersservaton of color and trophic changes, pulse, skin temp.,
Allen's test
, Sensation: Semmes-Weinstein monofilament (nerve compression) and
two-point discrimination (nerve laceration and recovery).
●● Allen's test.
Answer: 1. The hand is elevated and the patient/person is asked to make
a fist for about 30 seconds.
2. Pressure is applied over the ulnar and the radial arteries so as to
occlude both of them.
3. Still elevated, the hand is then opened. It should appear blanched
(pallor can be observed at the finger nails).
4. Ulnar pressure is released and the colour should return in 5 to 15
seconds.[1]
***The Allen's test is testing for abnormal circulation. If color returns as
described above, the Allen's test is considered to be "Positive".
***If color fails to return, the test is considered "Negative" and the ulnar
artery supply to the hand is not sufficient.[1] The radial artery therefore
cannot be safely pricked/cannulated.
●● Quick DASH.
Answer: Disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand. Questionnaire
●● Fractures of the hand.
Answer: Boxer's: 4th and 5th metacarpal (proximal)
Scaphoid fx is most common wrist
INJURIES ACTUAL EXAM PAPER 2026
QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS VERIFIED
ANSWERS
●● Bones of the forearm.
Answer: radius, ulna, humerus
●● Muscles of B UE.
Answer: deltoid, triceps, anconeus, biceps brachii, brachialis,
brachioradialis
●● UE blood supplied by arteries?.
Answer: brachial and brachiocephalic arteries
●● Muscles that originate from the lateral epicondyle include:.
Answer: anconeus, brachioradialis, supinator, extensor carpi radialis
longus (ECRL), extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB), extensor carpi
ulnaris (ECU), extensor digitorum (ED), and extensor digiti minimi
(EDM)
●● Muscles that originate from the medial epicondyle include:.
,Answer: pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis (FCR), flexor carpi ulnaris
(FCU), palmaris longus (PL), and (FDS) flexor digitorum superficialis
●● Main arteries supplying blood to the hand and wrist are:.
Answer: radial and ulnar arteries
●● Sensory receptors of the hand include: (3 things).
Answer: Pacinian corpuscles (vibration, Ruffini end organs (tension),
Merkel cells (pressure)
●● Evaluation of hand and UE.
Answer: 1. Check for pain
2. Adhesions
3. Edema
4. Use provocative nerve tests to elicit symptoms and clarify the injury
●● Specific Testing (tools - hand/UE/LE).
Answer: ROM: goniometer
Strength: MMT, dynamometer, pinch gauge meter
Edema: volumeter or centimeter tape
Vascular: obersservaton of color and trophic changes, pulse, skin temp.,
Allen's test
, Sensation: Semmes-Weinstein monofilament (nerve compression) and
two-point discrimination (nerve laceration and recovery).
●● Allen's test.
Answer: 1. The hand is elevated and the patient/person is asked to make
a fist for about 30 seconds.
2. Pressure is applied over the ulnar and the radial arteries so as to
occlude both of them.
3. Still elevated, the hand is then opened. It should appear blanched
(pallor can be observed at the finger nails).
4. Ulnar pressure is released and the colour should return in 5 to 15
seconds.[1]
***The Allen's test is testing for abnormal circulation. If color returns as
described above, the Allen's test is considered to be "Positive".
***If color fails to return, the test is considered "Negative" and the ulnar
artery supply to the hand is not sufficient.[1] The radial artery therefore
cannot be safely pricked/cannulated.
●● Quick DASH.
Answer: Disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand. Questionnaire
●● Fractures of the hand.
Answer: Boxer's: 4th and 5th metacarpal (proximal)
Scaphoid fx is most common wrist
