AP Biology Questions with CORRECT Answers
Question:
List the differences between a prokaryotic & a eukaryotic cell.
Answer:
Eukaryotic Cell:
Question:
- nucleus (has more DNA) that's bound by a double membrane
- endomembrane organelles in the cytosol (nuclear envelope, endoplasmic reticulum,
Golgi
apparatus, lysosomes, plasma membrane, various types of vesicles & vacuoles)
- typically larger
Prokaryotic Cell:
- no nucleus, but has DNA (circular chromosome) that is concentrated in the nucleoid
that's
not bound by a membrane
- no endomembrane organelles
- typically smaller
List the similarities between a prokaryotic & a eukaryotic cell.
Answer:
plasma membrane
Question:
- cytosol (filler)
- chromosomes (carry genes in the form of DNA)
- ribosomes
- phospholipid bilayer
- vacuoles (Plant cells have one large vacuole; animal cells have multiple small
vacuoles)
- cytoplasm
- cholesterol
Give two causes for size limits for certain cell types. Which would be considered the
main reason for size limits?
Answer:
The need for a surface area of sufficient area to support the cell's metabolic needs is a
major cause of the size limits for certain types of cells.
, Question:
A large surface area : volume ratio is helpful because nutrients needed to sustain the
cell enter via the surface of the cell & are needed in quantities related to the cell
volume. The smaller the size of the object, the larger its surface area
Answer:
volume ratio.
Question:
Ex: In the jelly auger cell lab, diffusion was most efficient in the smallest cube. The
larger the cube, the less diffusion occurs because volume increases faster. Surface area
Answer:
volume ratio needs to be small.
Question:
DNA overload
Answer:
the larger you get, the bigger the result & the more stuff. It cannot handle all the jobs it
needs to do.
Question:
- As the cell gets bigger = the job of its DNA gets bigger
Function of Rough ER
Answer:
Produces proteins for export (protein transport = protein secretion*)
Question:
- Active & used in membrane synthesis (synthesizes phospholipids & proteins)
- Aids in synthesis of secretory & other proteins
- Makes membrane, phospholipids, structures
- Protein Production
Function of Smooth ER
Answer:
Synthesizes lipids
Question:
List the differences between a prokaryotic & a eukaryotic cell.
Answer:
Eukaryotic Cell:
Question:
- nucleus (has more DNA) that's bound by a double membrane
- endomembrane organelles in the cytosol (nuclear envelope, endoplasmic reticulum,
Golgi
apparatus, lysosomes, plasma membrane, various types of vesicles & vacuoles)
- typically larger
Prokaryotic Cell:
- no nucleus, but has DNA (circular chromosome) that is concentrated in the nucleoid
that's
not bound by a membrane
- no endomembrane organelles
- typically smaller
List the similarities between a prokaryotic & a eukaryotic cell.
Answer:
plasma membrane
Question:
- cytosol (filler)
- chromosomes (carry genes in the form of DNA)
- ribosomes
- phospholipid bilayer
- vacuoles (Plant cells have one large vacuole; animal cells have multiple small
vacuoles)
- cytoplasm
- cholesterol
Give two causes for size limits for certain cell types. Which would be considered the
main reason for size limits?
Answer:
The need for a surface area of sufficient area to support the cell's metabolic needs is a
major cause of the size limits for certain types of cells.
, Question:
A large surface area : volume ratio is helpful because nutrients needed to sustain the
cell enter via the surface of the cell & are needed in quantities related to the cell
volume. The smaller the size of the object, the larger its surface area
Answer:
volume ratio.
Question:
Ex: In the jelly auger cell lab, diffusion was most efficient in the smallest cube. The
larger the cube, the less diffusion occurs because volume increases faster. Surface area
Answer:
volume ratio needs to be small.
Question:
DNA overload
Answer:
the larger you get, the bigger the result & the more stuff. It cannot handle all the jobs it
needs to do.
Question:
- As the cell gets bigger = the job of its DNA gets bigger
Function of Rough ER
Answer:
Produces proteins for export (protein transport = protein secretion*)
Question:
- Active & used in membrane synthesis (synthesizes phospholipids & proteins)
- Aids in synthesis of secretory & other proteins
- Makes membrane, phospholipids, structures
- Protein Production
Function of Smooth ER
Answer:
Synthesizes lipids
