BIO 110 MOLECULAR AND CELL BIOLOGY QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS |
COMPLETE BIO 110 STUDY GUIDE 2026/2027
Breakage of the back-bone of the long chain macromolecule (viscosity increases) - ANS ✔✔What is
Main-Chain Scission?
Breakdown into smaller molecules - ANS ✔✔What does a main-chain scission of a macromolecule result
in?
Small spur-like structures that extend off the main chain and attach to neighboring macromolecules. -
ANS ✔✔What is cross-linking of macromolecules?
Point Lesion - ANS ✔✔What is a disruption of a single chemical bond that causes malfunction within the
cell?
It will break down into smaller molecules - ANS ✔✔What happens to a macromolecule if it has a point
lesion?
DNA - ANS ✔✔What is the most radiosensitive molecule?
Where is the DNA contained?
In the Chromosomes of the cell nucleus - ANS ✔✔In the Chromosomes of the cell nucleus
Main chain scission with one side rail severed
Main chain scission with both side rails severed
Main chain scission and subsequent cross-linking
Breakage causing a separation of bases
Change in or loss of a base - ANS ✔✔What are the 5 types of DNA damage?
Cell death
Malignant Disease
Genetic Damage - ANS ✔✔What are the 3 observable effects of radiation to DNA?
Irradiation of water - ANS ✔✔What represents the principle radiation interaction in the body?
When water(H2O) is irradiated, which ionizes and breaks it down or disassociates it into two ions - ANS
✔✔What is Radiolysis?
HOH+
e- - ANS ✔✔What are the two ions that come from the irradiated water atom?
If they occur with DNA molecules - ANS ✔✔When are ionizing events considered to be direct effects?
Photon from the primary beam - ANS ✔✔What is Direct effects?
Photon from the secondary radiation - ANS ✔✔What is indirect effects?
COMPLETE BIO 110 STUDY GUIDE 2026/2027
Breakage of the back-bone of the long chain macromolecule (viscosity increases) - ANS ✔✔What is
Main-Chain Scission?
Breakdown into smaller molecules - ANS ✔✔What does a main-chain scission of a macromolecule result
in?
Small spur-like structures that extend off the main chain and attach to neighboring macromolecules. -
ANS ✔✔What is cross-linking of macromolecules?
Point Lesion - ANS ✔✔What is a disruption of a single chemical bond that causes malfunction within the
cell?
It will break down into smaller molecules - ANS ✔✔What happens to a macromolecule if it has a point
lesion?
DNA - ANS ✔✔What is the most radiosensitive molecule?
Where is the DNA contained?
In the Chromosomes of the cell nucleus - ANS ✔✔In the Chromosomes of the cell nucleus
Main chain scission with one side rail severed
Main chain scission with both side rails severed
Main chain scission and subsequent cross-linking
Breakage causing a separation of bases
Change in or loss of a base - ANS ✔✔What are the 5 types of DNA damage?
Cell death
Malignant Disease
Genetic Damage - ANS ✔✔What are the 3 observable effects of radiation to DNA?
Irradiation of water - ANS ✔✔What represents the principle radiation interaction in the body?
When water(H2O) is irradiated, which ionizes and breaks it down or disassociates it into two ions - ANS
✔✔What is Radiolysis?
HOH+
e- - ANS ✔✔What are the two ions that come from the irradiated water atom?
If they occur with DNA molecules - ANS ✔✔When are ionizing events considered to be direct effects?
Photon from the primary beam - ANS ✔✔What is Direct effects?
Photon from the secondary radiation - ANS ✔✔What is indirect effects?
