BIO 110 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | COMPLETE INTRODUCTORY
BIOLOGY EXAM 2 STUDY GUIDE 2026/2027
DNA is a macromolecule made up of repeating ____________ . - ANS ✔✔nucleotides
Which nitrogenous base is not contained within DNA? - ANS ✔✔uracil
In a DNA double helix, adenine pairs with ______ and guanine pairs with ______. - ANS ✔✔thymine;
cytosine
If one strand of a DNA double helix has the sequence GTCCAT, what is the sequence of the other strand?
- ANS ✔✔CAGGTA
X-rays and ultraviolet rays from the sun can result in - ANS ✔✔mutations
Avoiding sunburns, smoking, and radiation can help prevent _________ which can lead to
_____________ . - ANS ✔✔mutations; cancer
What is recombinant DNA? - ANS ✔✔DNA that carries genes from different organisms
What process describes the development of corn from the ancestral variety to the modern variety
pictured here? - ANS ✔✔genetic engineering
Which of the following are examples of how biotechnology has impacted modern food? - ANS ✔✔the
gene coding for a pesticide was added to potatos, potatos now produce their own insect killing
chemicals; a species of fish called the Atlantic salmon has had a growth hormone gene from another
species added to it's genome, the modified Atlantic salmon now grows year round allowing it to reach
market size in 18 months instead of 3 years; golden rice has been produced by the addition of genes
from daffodils and bacteria, the new rice has 25 times more vitamin A than the original variety.
Gel electrophoresis seperates DNA fragments on the basis of differences in their ______. - ANS
✔✔length
Ethical dilemmas raised by DNA technology and knowledge of the human genome include ______. - ANS
✔✔the potential for interfering in evolution, the safety of GM foods, the potential discrimination against
people predisposed to certain diseases, the appropriateness of creating new plants, animals, and
microorganisms
Nuclear transplantation involves replacing nuclei of egg cells with nuclei from a differentiated (or adult)
cell, this has been used to _____________ . - ANS ✔✔clone animals
Cells that have the ability to develop into any type of cell in the body are called ___________ . - ANS
✔✔stem cells
Electrophoresis is used to _____. - ANS ✔✔separate fragments of DNA
, The sequence of bases in a DNA molecule that carries the information necessary for producing a
functional produce is called a(n) _____________ . - ANS ✔✔gene
During transcription, at the point where the DNA strand being copied has an adenine, _______________
is added to the mRNA. - ANS ✔✔a uracil
Which of the following is NOT true about the discovery of DNA structure by Watson and Crick? - ANS
✔✔from the structure of DNA, it was clear how genes encoded information for proteins.
Which of the following statements about the metabolism of ethanol (in alcoholic beverages) is TRUE? -
ANS ✔✔the process requires two enzymes, which enable the conversion of alcohol to harmless
molecules; a mutation in a single base pair can inhibit a person's ability to metabolize ethanol; aspirin
interferes with the action of alcohol dehydrogenases; individuals who do NOT produce non-functioning
aldehyde dehydrogenase exhibit normal metabolism of alcohol
Which of the following causes of mutations is incorrectly matched with its mechanism of action? - ANS
✔✔spontaneous mutations: enzymes cause errors due to their highly erroneous nature
Transcription and translation can best be explained through which analogy? - ANS ✔✔transcription is
the copying of a recipe from a cookbook to an index card, and translation is combining the baking
ingredients and making chocolate chip cookies
Which of the following statements about regulatory genes is correct? - ANS ✔✔regulatory genes can be
located within the operon
During translation, chain elongation continues until: - ANS ✔✔a stop codon is encountered
Which of the following molecules is NOT DIRECTLY involved in translation? - ANS ✔✔DNA
The trait for red hair is recessive, meaning that when a person expresses two copies of this allele they
have red hair. What can be said about the phenotype and genotype of a red-haired individual versus a
brown-haired (dominant) individual? - ANS ✔✔the phenotype of an individual with red-hair allows one
to know his genotype, whereas deducing the genotype of a brown-haired individuals would require a
closer look at generational breeding patterns
The double helix model of DNA suggested by Watson and Crick was exciting to the scientific community
because: - ANS ✔✔it explained how genetic material could be duplicated by means of the
complementary strands
How many RNAs can be transcribed from a single DNA template? - ANS ✔✔hundreds of RNAs can be
transcribed from a single DNA template
Which of the following statements about transcription and translation is most accurate in terms of
compartmentalization? - ANS ✔✔transcription occurs in the nucleus, mRNA exits through nuclear pores,
and translation occurs in the cytoplasm
Transcription is a synonym for: - ANS ✔✔RNA synthesis
BIOLOGY EXAM 2 STUDY GUIDE 2026/2027
DNA is a macromolecule made up of repeating ____________ . - ANS ✔✔nucleotides
Which nitrogenous base is not contained within DNA? - ANS ✔✔uracil
In a DNA double helix, adenine pairs with ______ and guanine pairs with ______. - ANS ✔✔thymine;
cytosine
If one strand of a DNA double helix has the sequence GTCCAT, what is the sequence of the other strand?
- ANS ✔✔CAGGTA
X-rays and ultraviolet rays from the sun can result in - ANS ✔✔mutations
Avoiding sunburns, smoking, and radiation can help prevent _________ which can lead to
_____________ . - ANS ✔✔mutations; cancer
What is recombinant DNA? - ANS ✔✔DNA that carries genes from different organisms
What process describes the development of corn from the ancestral variety to the modern variety
pictured here? - ANS ✔✔genetic engineering
Which of the following are examples of how biotechnology has impacted modern food? - ANS ✔✔the
gene coding for a pesticide was added to potatos, potatos now produce their own insect killing
chemicals; a species of fish called the Atlantic salmon has had a growth hormone gene from another
species added to it's genome, the modified Atlantic salmon now grows year round allowing it to reach
market size in 18 months instead of 3 years; golden rice has been produced by the addition of genes
from daffodils and bacteria, the new rice has 25 times more vitamin A than the original variety.
Gel electrophoresis seperates DNA fragments on the basis of differences in their ______. - ANS
✔✔length
Ethical dilemmas raised by DNA technology and knowledge of the human genome include ______. - ANS
✔✔the potential for interfering in evolution, the safety of GM foods, the potential discrimination against
people predisposed to certain diseases, the appropriateness of creating new plants, animals, and
microorganisms
Nuclear transplantation involves replacing nuclei of egg cells with nuclei from a differentiated (or adult)
cell, this has been used to _____________ . - ANS ✔✔clone animals
Cells that have the ability to develop into any type of cell in the body are called ___________ . - ANS
✔✔stem cells
Electrophoresis is used to _____. - ANS ✔✔separate fragments of DNA
, The sequence of bases in a DNA molecule that carries the information necessary for producing a
functional produce is called a(n) _____________ . - ANS ✔✔gene
During transcription, at the point where the DNA strand being copied has an adenine, _______________
is added to the mRNA. - ANS ✔✔a uracil
Which of the following is NOT true about the discovery of DNA structure by Watson and Crick? - ANS
✔✔from the structure of DNA, it was clear how genes encoded information for proteins.
Which of the following statements about the metabolism of ethanol (in alcoholic beverages) is TRUE? -
ANS ✔✔the process requires two enzymes, which enable the conversion of alcohol to harmless
molecules; a mutation in a single base pair can inhibit a person's ability to metabolize ethanol; aspirin
interferes with the action of alcohol dehydrogenases; individuals who do NOT produce non-functioning
aldehyde dehydrogenase exhibit normal metabolism of alcohol
Which of the following causes of mutations is incorrectly matched with its mechanism of action? - ANS
✔✔spontaneous mutations: enzymes cause errors due to their highly erroneous nature
Transcription and translation can best be explained through which analogy? - ANS ✔✔transcription is
the copying of a recipe from a cookbook to an index card, and translation is combining the baking
ingredients and making chocolate chip cookies
Which of the following statements about regulatory genes is correct? - ANS ✔✔regulatory genes can be
located within the operon
During translation, chain elongation continues until: - ANS ✔✔a stop codon is encountered
Which of the following molecules is NOT DIRECTLY involved in translation? - ANS ✔✔DNA
The trait for red hair is recessive, meaning that when a person expresses two copies of this allele they
have red hair. What can be said about the phenotype and genotype of a red-haired individual versus a
brown-haired (dominant) individual? - ANS ✔✔the phenotype of an individual with red-hair allows one
to know his genotype, whereas deducing the genotype of a brown-haired individuals would require a
closer look at generational breeding patterns
The double helix model of DNA suggested by Watson and Crick was exciting to the scientific community
because: - ANS ✔✔it explained how genetic material could be duplicated by means of the
complementary strands
How many RNAs can be transcribed from a single DNA template? - ANS ✔✔hundreds of RNAs can be
transcribed from a single DNA template
Which of the following statements about transcription and translation is most accurate in terms of
compartmentalization? - ANS ✔✔transcription occurs in the nucleus, mRNA exits through nuclear pores,
and translation occurs in the cytoplasm
Transcription is a synonym for: - ANS ✔✔RNA synthesis
