BIOD 171 FINAL EXAM Completed
with All Correct Answers.
Course
BIOD 171 Final Exam Questions And Answers-
Portage Learning (BIOD171)
1. Which organelle is primarily responsible for ATP production?
A. Golgi apparatus
B. Lysosome
C. Mitochondrion ✅
D. Ribosome
Answer: C. Mitochondrion
Rationale: Mitochondria are the "powerhouses" of the cell. They generate ATP through aerobic
cellular respiration, supplying energy for cellular activities such as muscle contraction, active
transport, and protein synthesis.
2. Which transport process moves substances against their concentration gradient?
A. Diffusion
B. Osmosis
C. Facilitated diffusion
D. Active transport ✅
Answer: D. Active transport
Rationale: Active transport requires ATP because molecules are moved from areas of lower
concentration to higher concentration. The sodium-potassium pump is a classic example.
3. Which tissue type covers body surfaces and lines internal organs?
A. Connective tissue
B. Epithelial tissue ✅
C. Muscle tissue
D. Nervous tissue
,Answer: B. Epithelial tissue
Rationale: Epithelial tissue forms protective coverings and linings. It also functions in secretion,
absorption, filtration, and protection.
4. Which connective tissue stores the largest amount of body fat?
A. Cartilage
B. Bone
C. Adipose tissue ✅
D. Blood
Answer: C. Adipose tissue
Rationale: Adipose tissue stores triglycerides, insulates the body, cushions organs, and serves as
an energy reserve.
5. Which layer of the skin contains blood vessels?
A. Epidermis
B. Dermis ✅
C. Stratum corneum
D. Stratum lucidum
Answer: B. Dermis
Rationale: The dermis contains blood vessels, nerves, glands, collagen fibers, and hair follicles.
The epidermis is avascular.
6. Which epidermal layer continuously produces new skin cells?
A. Stratum corneum
B. Stratum granulosum
C. Stratum basale ✅
D. Stratum lucidum
, Answer: C. Stratum basale
Rationale: Stem cells located in the stratum basale divide continuously, replacing dead
epidermal cells.
7. Which vitamin is essential for calcium absorption?
A. Vitamin A
B. Vitamin C
C. Vitamin D ✅
D. Vitamin K
Answer: C. Vitamin D
Rationale: Vitamin D increases intestinal absorption of calcium and phosphorus, supporting
bone mineralization.
8. Osteoclasts primarily function to:
A. Produce collagen
B. Build bone
C. Resorb bone tissue ✅
D. Store calcium
Answer: C. Resorb bone tissue
Rationale: Osteoclasts break down bone matrix, releasing calcium into the bloodstream during
bone remodeling.
9. Which bone is classified as a long bone?
A. Sternum
B. Femur ✅
C. Patella
D. Vertebra
with All Correct Answers.
Course
BIOD 171 Final Exam Questions And Answers-
Portage Learning (BIOD171)
1. Which organelle is primarily responsible for ATP production?
A. Golgi apparatus
B. Lysosome
C. Mitochondrion ✅
D. Ribosome
Answer: C. Mitochondrion
Rationale: Mitochondria are the "powerhouses" of the cell. They generate ATP through aerobic
cellular respiration, supplying energy for cellular activities such as muscle contraction, active
transport, and protein synthesis.
2. Which transport process moves substances against their concentration gradient?
A. Diffusion
B. Osmosis
C. Facilitated diffusion
D. Active transport ✅
Answer: D. Active transport
Rationale: Active transport requires ATP because molecules are moved from areas of lower
concentration to higher concentration. The sodium-potassium pump is a classic example.
3. Which tissue type covers body surfaces and lines internal organs?
A. Connective tissue
B. Epithelial tissue ✅
C. Muscle tissue
D. Nervous tissue
,Answer: B. Epithelial tissue
Rationale: Epithelial tissue forms protective coverings and linings. It also functions in secretion,
absorption, filtration, and protection.
4. Which connective tissue stores the largest amount of body fat?
A. Cartilage
B. Bone
C. Adipose tissue ✅
D. Blood
Answer: C. Adipose tissue
Rationale: Adipose tissue stores triglycerides, insulates the body, cushions organs, and serves as
an energy reserve.
5. Which layer of the skin contains blood vessels?
A. Epidermis
B. Dermis ✅
C. Stratum corneum
D. Stratum lucidum
Answer: B. Dermis
Rationale: The dermis contains blood vessels, nerves, glands, collagen fibers, and hair follicles.
The epidermis is avascular.
6. Which epidermal layer continuously produces new skin cells?
A. Stratum corneum
B. Stratum granulosum
C. Stratum basale ✅
D. Stratum lucidum
, Answer: C. Stratum basale
Rationale: Stem cells located in the stratum basale divide continuously, replacing dead
epidermal cells.
7. Which vitamin is essential for calcium absorption?
A. Vitamin A
B. Vitamin C
C. Vitamin D ✅
D. Vitamin K
Answer: C. Vitamin D
Rationale: Vitamin D increases intestinal absorption of calcium and phosphorus, supporting
bone mineralization.
8. Osteoclasts primarily function to:
A. Produce collagen
B. Build bone
C. Resorb bone tissue ✅
D. Store calcium
Answer: C. Resorb bone tissue
Rationale: Osteoclasts break down bone matrix, releasing calcium into the bloodstream during
bone remodeling.
9. Which bone is classified as a long bone?
A. Sternum
B. Femur ✅
C. Patella
D. Vertebra
