AP US HISTORY EXAM SCRIPT VERIFIED
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS COMPLETE
REVIEW MATERIAL
●● Amerigo Vespucci
Answer: 1454-1512
*Italian member of a Portuguese expedition
*Explored South America
*Discovery suggested that the expedition had found a "New World"
*After an account of Vespucci's 1497 expedition was published, a
cartographer mistakenly thought that Vespucci had led the expedition
and had landed in the New World before Christopher Columbus; the
cartographer named the continent America
●● Treaty of Tordesillas
Answer: 1493
*Commitment between Spain and Portugal
*Created a Papal Line of Demarcation, which divided the New World:
east of the line for Portugal and west of it for Spain
*Portugal also received the easternmost part of what is currently Brazil,
when it "discovered" the land in 1500
*Later, the Papal Line affected colonization in Africa and Asia
,●● New Spain
Answer: 1400s and 1500s
*Spain tightly controlled empire in the New World
*Mainly located in North and Central America, including the Caribbean
and Spanish East Indies
*To deal with labor shortages, the Spaniards developed a system of large
manors (ecomiendas) using Native American slaves under conquistadors
*With the death of Native American slaves, Spaniards began importing
African slaves to supply their labor needs
●● Mercantilism
Answer: 1500s-1700s
*Prevailing economic philosophy of the 1600s that held colonies existed
to serve the mother country
*Founded on the belief that the world's wealth was sharply limited and,
therefore, one nation's gain was another nation's loss
*Each nation's goal was to export more than it imported in a favorable
balance of trade; the difference would be made up in their possession of
gold and silver, which would make the nation strong both economically
and militarily
*Mercantilists believed economic activity should be regulated by the
government
●● Queen Elizabeth I
,Answer: 1533-1603 (ruled 1558-death)
*Protestant successor to Queen Mary (England)
*Popular leader and the first woman to successfully hold the throne
*Invested in English raids on the Spanish New World; Spain responded
with the Spanish Armada
*Established Protestantism in England and encouraged English business
●● The Spanish Armada
Answer: 1588
*Fleet assembled by King Phillip II of Spain to invade England
*The Armada was defeated by the skill of British military leaders and by
rough seas during the assault
*England's victory over Spanish forces was one of the great
achievements of Queen Elizabeth I, as it established England as an
emerging sea power
*Its defeat helped bring about the decline of the Spanish empire
●● Types of Colonies in the New World
Answer: 1600s
*In a charter colony, colonists were essentially members of a
corporation, and electors among the colonists controlled the government
based on an agreed-upon charter
*A royal colony had a governor selected by England's king; the governor
served in the leadership role and chose additional, lower-ranking officers
, *Proprietary colonies were owned by individuals with direct
responsibility to the king; each proprietor selected a governor, who
served as the authority figure for the colony
●● English Puritanism
Answer: 1500s and 1600s
*Movement by those who wished to reform the Church of England to be
more in line with their ideology
*Though King Henry VIII had set out to separate his own Church of
England from papal authority, many Roman Catholic traditions and
practices remained
*Puritans rejected these roman Catholic holdovers and sought to make
the English Church "pure"
*Puritans held Calvinist beliefs, such as predestination and the authority
of Scripture over papal authority
*Puritanism echoes throughout American culture in the ideas of self-
reliance, moral fortitude, and an emphasis on intellectualism
●● Joint-Stock Company
Answer: Popularized in 1600s
*A type of business structure used by some colonial explorers to raise
money for their expeditions
*These private trading companies sold shares to investors who provided
start-up funding
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS COMPLETE
REVIEW MATERIAL
●● Amerigo Vespucci
Answer: 1454-1512
*Italian member of a Portuguese expedition
*Explored South America
*Discovery suggested that the expedition had found a "New World"
*After an account of Vespucci's 1497 expedition was published, a
cartographer mistakenly thought that Vespucci had led the expedition
and had landed in the New World before Christopher Columbus; the
cartographer named the continent America
●● Treaty of Tordesillas
Answer: 1493
*Commitment between Spain and Portugal
*Created a Papal Line of Demarcation, which divided the New World:
east of the line for Portugal and west of it for Spain
*Portugal also received the easternmost part of what is currently Brazil,
when it "discovered" the land in 1500
*Later, the Papal Line affected colonization in Africa and Asia
,●● New Spain
Answer: 1400s and 1500s
*Spain tightly controlled empire in the New World
*Mainly located in North and Central America, including the Caribbean
and Spanish East Indies
*To deal with labor shortages, the Spaniards developed a system of large
manors (ecomiendas) using Native American slaves under conquistadors
*With the death of Native American slaves, Spaniards began importing
African slaves to supply their labor needs
●● Mercantilism
Answer: 1500s-1700s
*Prevailing economic philosophy of the 1600s that held colonies existed
to serve the mother country
*Founded on the belief that the world's wealth was sharply limited and,
therefore, one nation's gain was another nation's loss
*Each nation's goal was to export more than it imported in a favorable
balance of trade; the difference would be made up in their possession of
gold and silver, which would make the nation strong both economically
and militarily
*Mercantilists believed economic activity should be regulated by the
government
●● Queen Elizabeth I
,Answer: 1533-1603 (ruled 1558-death)
*Protestant successor to Queen Mary (England)
*Popular leader and the first woman to successfully hold the throne
*Invested in English raids on the Spanish New World; Spain responded
with the Spanish Armada
*Established Protestantism in England and encouraged English business
●● The Spanish Armada
Answer: 1588
*Fleet assembled by King Phillip II of Spain to invade England
*The Armada was defeated by the skill of British military leaders and by
rough seas during the assault
*England's victory over Spanish forces was one of the great
achievements of Queen Elizabeth I, as it established England as an
emerging sea power
*Its defeat helped bring about the decline of the Spanish empire
●● Types of Colonies in the New World
Answer: 1600s
*In a charter colony, colonists were essentially members of a
corporation, and electors among the colonists controlled the government
based on an agreed-upon charter
*A royal colony had a governor selected by England's king; the governor
served in the leadership role and chose additional, lower-ranking officers
, *Proprietary colonies were owned by individuals with direct
responsibility to the king; each proprietor selected a governor, who
served as the authority figure for the colony
●● English Puritanism
Answer: 1500s and 1600s
*Movement by those who wished to reform the Church of England to be
more in line with their ideology
*Though King Henry VIII had set out to separate his own Church of
England from papal authority, many Roman Catholic traditions and
practices remained
*Puritans rejected these roman Catholic holdovers and sought to make
the English Church "pure"
*Puritans held Calvinist beliefs, such as predestination and the authority
of Scripture over papal authority
*Puritanism echoes throughout American culture in the ideas of self-
reliance, moral fortitude, and an emphasis on intellectualism
●● Joint-Stock Company
Answer: Popularized in 1600s
*A type of business structure used by some colonial explorers to raise
money for their expeditions
*These private trading companies sold shares to investors who provided
start-up funding
