CM 2113 WANG TEST 2 EXAM – QUESTIONS AND
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Question 1
According to the biopsychosocial model, which of the following best explains the
development of a psychological disorder?
A. A single, identifiable genetic mutation inherited from a parent.
B. An imbalance of neurotransmitters in the brain.
C. The interaction of biological, psychological, and social factors.
D. Unresolved conflicts from early childhood experiences.
🟢C
🔴 Explanation: The biopsychosocial model is a comprehensive framework that posits that
psychological disorders are the result of the complex interaction between biological (e.g.,
genetics, neurochemistry), psychological (e.g., personality, coping skills), and social (e.g.,
family, culture, socioeconomic status) factors. This holistic view is considered the most
accurate and clinically useful model.
Question 2
In classical conditioning, what is the process of presenting the conditioned stimulus
without the unconditioned stimulus to weaken the conditioned response?
A. Acquisition
B. Generalization
C. Extinction
D. Discrimination
🟢C
🔴 Explanation: Extinction in classical conditioning occurs when the conditioned stimulus
(CS) is repeatedly presented without the unconditioned stimulus (UCS). This breaks the
association between the two, leading to a gradual weakening and eventual disappearance
of the conditioned response (CR).
Question 3
A client consistently reports feeling worthless and hopeless about the future. Which
cognitive distortion is the client most likely exhibiting?
A. Magnification
B. Personalization
C. Catastrophizing
D. Overgeneralization
,🟢C
🔴 Explanation: Catastrophizing is a cognitive distortion where an individual expects the
worst possible outcome in a situation. Feelings of hopelessness and believing things will
never get better are classic examples of catastrophizing, as they involve predicting a
negative future.
Question 4
Which brain structure is primarily responsible for transferring short-term memories into
long-term memories?
A. Amygdala
B. Hypothalamus
C. Hippocampus
D. Cerebellum
🟢C
🔴 Explanation: The hippocampus plays a critical role in the consolidation of information
from short-term memory to long-term memory. Damage to this area often results in
anterograde amnesia, the inability to form new long-term memories.
Question 5
According to Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, what is the primary crisis of
early adulthood?
A. Trust vs. Mistrust
B. Identity vs. Role Confusion
C. Intimacy vs. Isolation
D. Generativity vs. Stagnation
🟢C
🔴 Explanation: Erikson's sixth stage, Intimacy vs. Isolation, occurs during early adulthood.
The primary challenge is to form intimate, loving relationships with others; failure to do so
can lead to feelings of isolation and loneliness.
Question 6
A therapist instructs a client to imagine a feared situation while practicing relaxation
techniques. This technique is known as:
A. Systematic desensitization
B. Flooding
C. Aversion therapy
D. Modeling
🟢A
🔴 Explanation: Systematic desensitization is a behavior therapy technique used to treat
phobias. It involves having a client relax while they imagine a hierarchy of fear-provoking
,situations, thereby pairing relaxation with the feared stimulus to extinguish the fear
response.
Question 7
Which of the following ethical principles is primarily concerned with a client's right to
make their own decisions?
A. Beneficence
B. Nonmaleficence
C. Autonomy
D. Justice
🟢C
🔴 Explanation: Autonomy is the ethical principle that respects the rights of clients to make
their own decisions and choices regarding their treatment. This includes the right to
informed consent, confidentiality, and self-determination.
Question 8
In the context of research methods, a correlation coefficient of -0.85 indicates:
A. A strong positive relationship between two variables.
B. A weak negative relationship between two variables.
C. A strong negative relationship between two variables.
D. No relationship between two variables.
🟢C
🔴 Explanation: A correlation coefficient ranges from -1.00 to +1.00. The sign indicates the
direction of the relationship, and the absolute value indicates the strength. A coefficient of
-0.85 is very close to -1.00, signifying a strong, negative correlation.
Question 9
Which of the following is a primary characteristic of a personality disorder, as defined by
the DSM-5?
A. An enduring pattern of inner experience and behavior that deviates markedly from
cultural expectations.
B. Symptoms that are primarily in response to a specific stressful event.
C. A temporary disturbance in mood that resolves quickly.
D. An inability to recall important personal information.
🟢A
🔴 Explanation: The DSM-5 defines a personality disorder as an enduring, inflexible, and
pervasive pattern of inner experience and behavior that deviates markedly from the
expectations of the individual's culture. This pattern is stable and of long duration, with
onset traced back to adolescence or early adulthood.
, Question 10
The primary function of the myelin sheath is to:
A. Release neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft.
B. Receive signals from other neurons.
C. Speed up the transmission of neural impulses.
D. Provide nutrients to the neuron.
🟢C
🔴 Explanation: The myelin sheath is a fatty layer that insulates the axon of a neuron. This
insulation allows for the electrical signal to jump between the Nodes of Ranvier,
significantly increasing the speed and efficiency of neural transmission.
Question 11
A client who is unable to recognize the emotional significance of a situation, like crying
at a joke, may have damage to which brain structure?
A. Amygdala
B. Broca's area
C. Occipital lobe
D. Wernicke's area
🟢A
🔴 Explanation: The amygdala is a key structure in the limbic system that is central to
processing emotions, particularly fear and aggression. Damage to the amygdala can result
in an inability to recognize and respond appropriately to emotional stimuli.
Question 12
Which of the following is an example of a negative symptom of schizophrenia?
A. Hallucinations
B. Delusions
C. Avolition
D. Disorganized speech
🟢C
🔴 Explanation: Negative symptoms of schizophrenia represent a reduction or absence of
normal functioning. Avolition, or a lack of motivation to engage in goal-directed activities,
is a prominent negative symptom. Hallucinations, delusions, and disorganized speech are
considered positive symptoms.
Question 13
In Piaget's theory, the stage where a child develops the ability to think logically about
concrete events but struggles with abstract concepts is the:
A. Sensorimotor stage
B. Preoperational stage
C. Concrete operational stage
ANSWERS | VERIFIED AND WELL DETAILED ANSWERS |
PLUS RATIONALES | GUARANTEED PASS | LATEST
EXAM UPDATE
Question 1
According to the biopsychosocial model, which of the following best explains the
development of a psychological disorder?
A. A single, identifiable genetic mutation inherited from a parent.
B. An imbalance of neurotransmitters in the brain.
C. The interaction of biological, psychological, and social factors.
D. Unresolved conflicts from early childhood experiences.
🟢C
🔴 Explanation: The biopsychosocial model is a comprehensive framework that posits that
psychological disorders are the result of the complex interaction between biological (e.g.,
genetics, neurochemistry), psychological (e.g., personality, coping skills), and social (e.g.,
family, culture, socioeconomic status) factors. This holistic view is considered the most
accurate and clinically useful model.
Question 2
In classical conditioning, what is the process of presenting the conditioned stimulus
without the unconditioned stimulus to weaken the conditioned response?
A. Acquisition
B. Generalization
C. Extinction
D. Discrimination
🟢C
🔴 Explanation: Extinction in classical conditioning occurs when the conditioned stimulus
(CS) is repeatedly presented without the unconditioned stimulus (UCS). This breaks the
association between the two, leading to a gradual weakening and eventual disappearance
of the conditioned response (CR).
Question 3
A client consistently reports feeling worthless and hopeless about the future. Which
cognitive distortion is the client most likely exhibiting?
A. Magnification
B. Personalization
C. Catastrophizing
D. Overgeneralization
,🟢C
🔴 Explanation: Catastrophizing is a cognitive distortion where an individual expects the
worst possible outcome in a situation. Feelings of hopelessness and believing things will
never get better are classic examples of catastrophizing, as they involve predicting a
negative future.
Question 4
Which brain structure is primarily responsible for transferring short-term memories into
long-term memories?
A. Amygdala
B. Hypothalamus
C. Hippocampus
D. Cerebellum
🟢C
🔴 Explanation: The hippocampus plays a critical role in the consolidation of information
from short-term memory to long-term memory. Damage to this area often results in
anterograde amnesia, the inability to form new long-term memories.
Question 5
According to Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, what is the primary crisis of
early adulthood?
A. Trust vs. Mistrust
B. Identity vs. Role Confusion
C. Intimacy vs. Isolation
D. Generativity vs. Stagnation
🟢C
🔴 Explanation: Erikson's sixth stage, Intimacy vs. Isolation, occurs during early adulthood.
The primary challenge is to form intimate, loving relationships with others; failure to do so
can lead to feelings of isolation and loneliness.
Question 6
A therapist instructs a client to imagine a feared situation while practicing relaxation
techniques. This technique is known as:
A. Systematic desensitization
B. Flooding
C. Aversion therapy
D. Modeling
🟢A
🔴 Explanation: Systematic desensitization is a behavior therapy technique used to treat
phobias. It involves having a client relax while they imagine a hierarchy of fear-provoking
,situations, thereby pairing relaxation with the feared stimulus to extinguish the fear
response.
Question 7
Which of the following ethical principles is primarily concerned with a client's right to
make their own decisions?
A. Beneficence
B. Nonmaleficence
C. Autonomy
D. Justice
🟢C
🔴 Explanation: Autonomy is the ethical principle that respects the rights of clients to make
their own decisions and choices regarding their treatment. This includes the right to
informed consent, confidentiality, and self-determination.
Question 8
In the context of research methods, a correlation coefficient of -0.85 indicates:
A. A strong positive relationship between two variables.
B. A weak negative relationship between two variables.
C. A strong negative relationship between two variables.
D. No relationship between two variables.
🟢C
🔴 Explanation: A correlation coefficient ranges from -1.00 to +1.00. The sign indicates the
direction of the relationship, and the absolute value indicates the strength. A coefficient of
-0.85 is very close to -1.00, signifying a strong, negative correlation.
Question 9
Which of the following is a primary characteristic of a personality disorder, as defined by
the DSM-5?
A. An enduring pattern of inner experience and behavior that deviates markedly from
cultural expectations.
B. Symptoms that are primarily in response to a specific stressful event.
C. A temporary disturbance in mood that resolves quickly.
D. An inability to recall important personal information.
🟢A
🔴 Explanation: The DSM-5 defines a personality disorder as an enduring, inflexible, and
pervasive pattern of inner experience and behavior that deviates markedly from the
expectations of the individual's culture. This pattern is stable and of long duration, with
onset traced back to adolescence or early adulthood.
, Question 10
The primary function of the myelin sheath is to:
A. Release neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft.
B. Receive signals from other neurons.
C. Speed up the transmission of neural impulses.
D. Provide nutrients to the neuron.
🟢C
🔴 Explanation: The myelin sheath is a fatty layer that insulates the axon of a neuron. This
insulation allows for the electrical signal to jump between the Nodes of Ranvier,
significantly increasing the speed and efficiency of neural transmission.
Question 11
A client who is unable to recognize the emotional significance of a situation, like crying
at a joke, may have damage to which brain structure?
A. Amygdala
B. Broca's area
C. Occipital lobe
D. Wernicke's area
🟢A
🔴 Explanation: The amygdala is a key structure in the limbic system that is central to
processing emotions, particularly fear and aggression. Damage to the amygdala can result
in an inability to recognize and respond appropriately to emotional stimuli.
Question 12
Which of the following is an example of a negative symptom of schizophrenia?
A. Hallucinations
B. Delusions
C. Avolition
D. Disorganized speech
🟢C
🔴 Explanation: Negative symptoms of schizophrenia represent a reduction or absence of
normal functioning. Avolition, or a lack of motivation to engage in goal-directed activities,
is a prominent negative symptom. Hallucinations, delusions, and disorganized speech are
considered positive symptoms.
Question 13
In Piaget's theory, the stage where a child develops the ability to think logically about
concrete events but struggles with abstract concepts is the:
A. Sensorimotor stage
B. Preoperational stage
C. Concrete operational stage
