PNB 2265 Exam 4 UConn ACTUAL UPDATED QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS
What is the primary function of the renal system? To filter blood and produce urine, removing waste and regulating body fluids.
What type of waste does the renal system primarily Nitrogenous waste produced from protein metabolism.
eliminate?
How do kidneys help regulate blood pressure? By controlling the amount of water retained in the body.
What are the main ions regulated by the renal system? Na⁺, K⁺, H⁺, Ca²⁺, Cl⁻, HCO₃⁻, PO₄, and H₂O.
What is the location of the kidneys? In the superior and posterior abdominal cavity, against the floating ribs, directly
conneted to the uterus
What are the three basic regions of the kidney? Cortex, medulla, and renal pelvis.
What is the function of nephrons? To filter blood and produce urine.
, What is the difference between cortical and Cortical nephrons have shorter loops of Henle, while juxtamedullary nephrons
juxtamedullary nephrons? have longer loops that extend deeper into the medulla.
What is the role of Bowman's capsule? To collect filtrate from the blood in the renal corpuscle.
What is the glomerulus? A network of capillaries where blood filtration begins.
What is the Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)? The rate at which blood is filtered through the glomeruli, typically about 20% of
the blood entering the kidneys.
What factors influence GFR? Glomerular blood hydrostatic pressure (GBHP) and capsular hydrostatic pressure
(CHP).
What is the primary site of reabsorption in the nephron? The proximal tubule.
What substances are primarily secreted into the filtrate? H⁺ ions, potassium, and organic ions like choline and creatinine.
What is the role of the Juxtaglomerular Apparatus (JGA)? To regulate local blood flow, systemic blood pressure, and GFR.
What are the two layers of Bowman's capsule? Visceral layer (podocytes) and parietal layer (simple squamous epithelium).
How does the renal system maintain osmolarity? By creating concentration gradients in the medulla through the loop of Henle.
What is the significance of the filtration membrane? It allows the passage of water and small solutes while preventing larger
molecules like proteins from entering the filtrate.
What is the primary mechanism of secretion in the Active transport of substances from the blood into the filtrate.
nephron?
What is the function of the renal pelvis? To collect urine from the major calyces before it is transported to the ureter.
What is the role of peristalsis in the urinary system? To move urine from the kidneys to the bladder through the ureters.
ANSWERS
What is the primary function of the renal system? To filter blood and produce urine, removing waste and regulating body fluids.
What type of waste does the renal system primarily Nitrogenous waste produced from protein metabolism.
eliminate?
How do kidneys help regulate blood pressure? By controlling the amount of water retained in the body.
What are the main ions regulated by the renal system? Na⁺, K⁺, H⁺, Ca²⁺, Cl⁻, HCO₃⁻, PO₄, and H₂O.
What is the location of the kidneys? In the superior and posterior abdominal cavity, against the floating ribs, directly
conneted to the uterus
What are the three basic regions of the kidney? Cortex, medulla, and renal pelvis.
What is the function of nephrons? To filter blood and produce urine.
, What is the difference between cortical and Cortical nephrons have shorter loops of Henle, while juxtamedullary nephrons
juxtamedullary nephrons? have longer loops that extend deeper into the medulla.
What is the role of Bowman's capsule? To collect filtrate from the blood in the renal corpuscle.
What is the glomerulus? A network of capillaries where blood filtration begins.
What is the Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)? The rate at which blood is filtered through the glomeruli, typically about 20% of
the blood entering the kidneys.
What factors influence GFR? Glomerular blood hydrostatic pressure (GBHP) and capsular hydrostatic pressure
(CHP).
What is the primary site of reabsorption in the nephron? The proximal tubule.
What substances are primarily secreted into the filtrate? H⁺ ions, potassium, and organic ions like choline and creatinine.
What is the role of the Juxtaglomerular Apparatus (JGA)? To regulate local blood flow, systemic blood pressure, and GFR.
What are the two layers of Bowman's capsule? Visceral layer (podocytes) and parietal layer (simple squamous epithelium).
How does the renal system maintain osmolarity? By creating concentration gradients in the medulla through the loop of Henle.
What is the significance of the filtration membrane? It allows the passage of water and small solutes while preventing larger
molecules like proteins from entering the filtrate.
What is the primary mechanism of secretion in the Active transport of substances from the blood into the filtrate.
nephron?
What is the function of the renal pelvis? To collect urine from the major calyces before it is transported to the ureter.
What is the role of peristalsis in the urinary system? To move urine from the kidneys to the bladder through the ureters.
