MARK KLIMEK LECTURES 1 TO 12 UPDATED
ACTUAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS FULL SOLUTION GRADED A+
◉ Normal Ph. Answer: 7.35-7.45
◉ Normal C02. Answer: 35 -45
◉ Normal HC03 (BI carb_. Answer: 22-26
◉ How do you decide if someone is acidotic or alkalotic?. Answer:
Look at the Ph value:
pH< 7.35= Acidotic
pH > 7.45= Alkalotic
◉ How do you determine if the imbalance is metabolic or
respiratory?. Answer: If bicarb (Hc03) goes in the same direction with
PH, then its metabolic. If it goes in opposite directrions with Ph its
respiratory.
◉ Ph 7.3, Hc03 =20, what imbalance is this?. Answer: pH (down)
acidotic, HC03 (down)
,- they are going in the same direction
- This is metabolic acidocis
◉ pH 7.58, Hc03= 32. Answer: metabolic alkalosis
◉ ph=7.22, Hc03= 35. Answer: ph(down) acidotic, Hc03 (up)
Since ph and bicarb are opposite, its respiratory.
Ph is down so its acidotic
This is respiratory acidosis.
◉ pH= 7.50, hc03= 25. Answer: Ph is increased, which is alkalosis
Hc03 is normal, its not moving in the same direction as ph so its
respiratory.
Respiratory alkalosis
◉ "as the PH goes, so goes my patient except for potassium". Answer:
- If ph is low, everything is low but potassium is high.
- if pH is high, everything is high, but potassium is low.
,◉ What happens when pH goes over 7.45 (up). Answer: - alkalosis
- Everything is high except K+
High: tachycardia, tachypnea, irratibility, HTN, seizures, hyperflexia
(3+, 4+)
- Hypokalemia, potassium is the only thing is low.
◉ What happens when ph goes low 7.35 < (down). Answer: -
Acidosis
- pH is low, so everything is low except for potassium.
- symptoms are bradycardia, constipation, absent bowel sounds,
flaccid.
- Hyperkalemia
◉ What is the the main nursing intervention for acidosis?. Answer: -
Having an ambu bag/ intubation and ventilation for respiratory arrest
◉ What is the main nursing intervention for alkalosis?. Answer:
suction for seizures
◉ MAC Kussmal. Answer: Metabolic
ACidosis w/ KUSSMAL respirations (deep and labored breathing
pattern)
◉ Signs and symptoms of respiratory acidosis?. Answer: +1 reflex,
adynamic ileus, urinary retention, second degree mobit heart block
, - Hyperkalemia
◉ If there is a problem with the lung regarding acid- base imbalances,
what does it mean?. Answer: - It means its respiratory.
◉ If a pt is under- ventilating, what do you pick?. Answer: - pick
acidocis cause PH is also under. <7.35
◉ If a pt is overventilating, what are you gonna pick?. Answer: -
Alkalosis because PH is also over (>7.45)
◉ If a pt is in labor, what imbalance would this be and would it be
over ventilation?. Answer: - Respiratory alkalosis
- Overventilation
◉ If a pt drowned, what imbalance would they have and would they
be underventilating. Answer: - pt woud have respiratory acidosis and
would be underventilating.
◉ If a pt has prolonged gastric vomitting or suction(= sucking out
acid). Answer: - it would be metabolic alkalosis
◉ If its not lung.... Answer: its metabolic
ACTUAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS FULL SOLUTION GRADED A+
◉ Normal Ph. Answer: 7.35-7.45
◉ Normal C02. Answer: 35 -45
◉ Normal HC03 (BI carb_. Answer: 22-26
◉ How do you decide if someone is acidotic or alkalotic?. Answer:
Look at the Ph value:
pH< 7.35= Acidotic
pH > 7.45= Alkalotic
◉ How do you determine if the imbalance is metabolic or
respiratory?. Answer: If bicarb (Hc03) goes in the same direction with
PH, then its metabolic. If it goes in opposite directrions with Ph its
respiratory.
◉ Ph 7.3, Hc03 =20, what imbalance is this?. Answer: pH (down)
acidotic, HC03 (down)
,- they are going in the same direction
- This is metabolic acidocis
◉ pH 7.58, Hc03= 32. Answer: metabolic alkalosis
◉ ph=7.22, Hc03= 35. Answer: ph(down) acidotic, Hc03 (up)
Since ph and bicarb are opposite, its respiratory.
Ph is down so its acidotic
This is respiratory acidosis.
◉ pH= 7.50, hc03= 25. Answer: Ph is increased, which is alkalosis
Hc03 is normal, its not moving in the same direction as ph so its
respiratory.
Respiratory alkalosis
◉ "as the PH goes, so goes my patient except for potassium". Answer:
- If ph is low, everything is low but potassium is high.
- if pH is high, everything is high, but potassium is low.
,◉ What happens when pH goes over 7.45 (up). Answer: - alkalosis
- Everything is high except K+
High: tachycardia, tachypnea, irratibility, HTN, seizures, hyperflexia
(3+, 4+)
- Hypokalemia, potassium is the only thing is low.
◉ What happens when ph goes low 7.35 < (down). Answer: -
Acidosis
- pH is low, so everything is low except for potassium.
- symptoms are bradycardia, constipation, absent bowel sounds,
flaccid.
- Hyperkalemia
◉ What is the the main nursing intervention for acidosis?. Answer: -
Having an ambu bag/ intubation and ventilation for respiratory arrest
◉ What is the main nursing intervention for alkalosis?. Answer:
suction for seizures
◉ MAC Kussmal. Answer: Metabolic
ACidosis w/ KUSSMAL respirations (deep and labored breathing
pattern)
◉ Signs and symptoms of respiratory acidosis?. Answer: +1 reflex,
adynamic ileus, urinary retention, second degree mobit heart block
, - Hyperkalemia
◉ If there is a problem with the lung regarding acid- base imbalances,
what does it mean?. Answer: - It means its respiratory.
◉ If a pt is under- ventilating, what do you pick?. Answer: - pick
acidocis cause PH is also under. <7.35
◉ If a pt is overventilating, what are you gonna pick?. Answer: -
Alkalosis because PH is also over (>7.45)
◉ If a pt is in labor, what imbalance would this be and would it be
over ventilation?. Answer: - Respiratory alkalosis
- Overventilation
◉ If a pt drowned, what imbalance would they have and would they
be underventilating. Answer: - pt woud have respiratory acidosis and
would be underventilating.
◉ If a pt has prolonged gastric vomitting or suction(= sucking out
acid). Answer: - it would be metabolic alkalosis
◉ If its not lung.... Answer: its metabolic
