CMSRN EXAM REVIEW SOLVED QUESTIONS COMPLETE ANSWERS GRADED A PLUS
Cmsrn Comprehensive MED SURG Review
2026/2027 Study Guide Questions and Answers
Verified Solutions Latest Update
Question:
Cirrhosis (Cause/Symptoms/Diagnosis/Treatment).
Answer:
Causes: Scar tissue replaces healthy liver tissue. Lipids stored in body cells instead. Symptoms:
Abdominal pain, drowsiness, weight loss. History of Hep C. Diagnosis: Treatment: Antivirals (with
Hep C), diuretics, beta-blockers (if cardiac affect), Zinc supplement, liver transplant.
Question:
Foreign Bodies (Cause/Symptoms/Diagnosis/Treatment).
Answer:
Causes: Accidents. 2cm or bigger can cause blockage. Children, patients with dentures, and psych
patients at risk. Symptoms: Depends on location. Diagnosis: Ultrasound (faster if d/t sharp object),
or X-ray. Treatment: Pro-motility medications if safe to pass, or laparoscopic surgery if
large/sharp/dangerous.
Question:
GI Obstruction (Cause/Symptoms/Diagnosis/Treatment).
Answer:
Causes: Body tissues causing blockage. Symptoms: Pain, constipation, N/V/D. Diagnosis:
Endoscopy, X-ray. Treatment: Antibiotics, colectomy, bowel rest, surgery if hemorrhage.
Question:
Gastroenteritis (Cause/Symptoms/Diagnosis/Treatment).
Answer:
,Causes: Norovirus, bacteria, foreign bodies Symptoms: N/V/D, tachycardia, weight loss. Diagnosis:
Symptomatic Treatment: Fluid replacement, antibiotics, antidiarrheals (for fluid loss)
Question:
Crohn's Disease (Cause/Symptoms/Diagnosis/Treatment).
Answer:
Causes: IBD in small intestine, varies severity. Symptoms: Abdominal pain, cramping, diarrhea,
bloody stool, low appetite, weight loss. Diagnosis: CBC (rule out infection, check anemia), fecal
blood test, colonoscopy (check damage, find granulomas, inflammatory cells that trigger symptoms)
Treatment: anti-inflammatories, corticosteroids, oral 5-aminosalicylates. No cure.
Question:
Ulcerative Colitis (Cause/Symptoms/Diagnosis/Treatment).
Answer:
Causes: Inflammation, ulcers, sores in GI tract, large intestine, rectum. Symptoms: Diarrhea, with
blood or pus, abdominal pain, rectal bleeding, urgency to defacate Diagnosis: proctosigmoiditis
causes inflamed rectum and sigmoid colon with bloody diarrhea, left-sided colitis from sigmoid and
descending colon, and pancolitis in entire colon. Colonoscopy to confirm. Treatment: antibiotics,
corticosteroids (reduce recurring flare-ups). No cure.
Question:
Cholecystitis (Cause/Risks/Symptoms/Diagnosis/Treatment).
Answer:
Causes: inflammation of gallbladder from cystic duct blockage by gallstones. Risks: elderly,
women, overweight, weight loss. Symptoms: RUQ pain, N/V, jaundice, fever, tender gallbladder,
gangrene if untreated. Diagnosis: LFT, RUQ ultrasound (best for women to rule out pregnancy).
Treatment: antibiotics, cholecystectomy, treat asap.
Question:
Gastritis (Cause/Symptoms/Diagnosis/Treatment).
, Answer:
Causes: inflammation stomach lining, corticosteroid or NSAID use, excessive alcohol use.
Symptoms: abdominal pain, nausea/vomitting. Diagnosis: symptomatic. Treatment: antibiotics,
antacids, antidiarrheals if needed.
Question:
Appendicitis (Cause/Symptoms/Diagnosis/Treatment).
Answer:
Causes: Symptoms: Diagnosis: Treatment:
Question:
Spinal Cord Injury (Identifying).
Answer:
Clincal: Assessing patient movements/sensation/pain Xray: examine spine for fracture/degen
changes, tumors CT: check intervertebral discs for damage MRI: identify herniated discs, blood
clots, growths.
Question:
Spinal Cord Injury (Segments/Severity).
Answer:
Cervical: C1-C8 (Tetraplegia) Thoracic: T1-T12 (Paraplegia) Lumbar: L1-L5 Sacral: S1
Question:
Spinal Cord Injury Shock Syndromes.
Answer:
Hemorrhagic shock: under T6 nerve, can cause hypotension Spinal shock: patient loses sensory
motor functions Neurogenic shock: bradycardia, hypotension, vasodilation. Over T5 nerve, may
need Prednisone.
Cmsrn Comprehensive MED SURG Review
2026/2027 Study Guide Questions and Answers
Verified Solutions Latest Update
Question:
Cirrhosis (Cause/Symptoms/Diagnosis/Treatment).
Answer:
Causes: Scar tissue replaces healthy liver tissue. Lipids stored in body cells instead. Symptoms:
Abdominal pain, drowsiness, weight loss. History of Hep C. Diagnosis: Treatment: Antivirals (with
Hep C), diuretics, beta-blockers (if cardiac affect), Zinc supplement, liver transplant.
Question:
Foreign Bodies (Cause/Symptoms/Diagnosis/Treatment).
Answer:
Causes: Accidents. 2cm or bigger can cause blockage. Children, patients with dentures, and psych
patients at risk. Symptoms: Depends on location. Diagnosis: Ultrasound (faster if d/t sharp object),
or X-ray. Treatment: Pro-motility medications if safe to pass, or laparoscopic surgery if
large/sharp/dangerous.
Question:
GI Obstruction (Cause/Symptoms/Diagnosis/Treatment).
Answer:
Causes: Body tissues causing blockage. Symptoms: Pain, constipation, N/V/D. Diagnosis:
Endoscopy, X-ray. Treatment: Antibiotics, colectomy, bowel rest, surgery if hemorrhage.
Question:
Gastroenteritis (Cause/Symptoms/Diagnosis/Treatment).
Answer:
,Causes: Norovirus, bacteria, foreign bodies Symptoms: N/V/D, tachycardia, weight loss. Diagnosis:
Symptomatic Treatment: Fluid replacement, antibiotics, antidiarrheals (for fluid loss)
Question:
Crohn's Disease (Cause/Symptoms/Diagnosis/Treatment).
Answer:
Causes: IBD in small intestine, varies severity. Symptoms: Abdominal pain, cramping, diarrhea,
bloody stool, low appetite, weight loss. Diagnosis: CBC (rule out infection, check anemia), fecal
blood test, colonoscopy (check damage, find granulomas, inflammatory cells that trigger symptoms)
Treatment: anti-inflammatories, corticosteroids, oral 5-aminosalicylates. No cure.
Question:
Ulcerative Colitis (Cause/Symptoms/Diagnosis/Treatment).
Answer:
Causes: Inflammation, ulcers, sores in GI tract, large intestine, rectum. Symptoms: Diarrhea, with
blood or pus, abdominal pain, rectal bleeding, urgency to defacate Diagnosis: proctosigmoiditis
causes inflamed rectum and sigmoid colon with bloody diarrhea, left-sided colitis from sigmoid and
descending colon, and pancolitis in entire colon. Colonoscopy to confirm. Treatment: antibiotics,
corticosteroids (reduce recurring flare-ups). No cure.
Question:
Cholecystitis (Cause/Risks/Symptoms/Diagnosis/Treatment).
Answer:
Causes: inflammation of gallbladder from cystic duct blockage by gallstones. Risks: elderly,
women, overweight, weight loss. Symptoms: RUQ pain, N/V, jaundice, fever, tender gallbladder,
gangrene if untreated. Diagnosis: LFT, RUQ ultrasound (best for women to rule out pregnancy).
Treatment: antibiotics, cholecystectomy, treat asap.
Question:
Gastritis (Cause/Symptoms/Diagnosis/Treatment).
, Answer:
Causes: inflammation stomach lining, corticosteroid or NSAID use, excessive alcohol use.
Symptoms: abdominal pain, nausea/vomitting. Diagnosis: symptomatic. Treatment: antibiotics,
antacids, antidiarrheals if needed.
Question:
Appendicitis (Cause/Symptoms/Diagnosis/Treatment).
Answer:
Causes: Symptoms: Diagnosis: Treatment:
Question:
Spinal Cord Injury (Identifying).
Answer:
Clincal: Assessing patient movements/sensation/pain Xray: examine spine for fracture/degen
changes, tumors CT: check intervertebral discs for damage MRI: identify herniated discs, blood
clots, growths.
Question:
Spinal Cord Injury (Segments/Severity).
Answer:
Cervical: C1-C8 (Tetraplegia) Thoracic: T1-T12 (Paraplegia) Lumbar: L1-L5 Sacral: S1
Question:
Spinal Cord Injury Shock Syndromes.
Answer:
Hemorrhagic shock: under T6 nerve, can cause hypotension Spinal shock: patient loses sensory
motor functions Neurogenic shock: bradycardia, hypotension, vasodilation. Over T5 nerve, may
need Prednisone.
