How is penicillin selective?
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It only targets cell wall synthesis, there are no cell walls in human cells but
they are in bacterial cells
Clinical trial phase (key characteristics: time, goals, end product)
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, - 1 to 5yrs
- test IND for safety -- establish safe limits for dosing, test for efficacy,
establish dosing, test for rare side effects
- New Drug Application
List 4 different types of excipients and briefly explain their importance for formulation
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- stabilizers (acid or base): protect drug from chemical degradation
- preservatives: prevent mold or bacterial growth
- fillers: ensure consistent dosing
- disintegrants: help with water dissolution by forcing the components of
pills apart
- binders: hold solid components together in pills
- flavors: mask the taste of active ingredients (many drugs are bitter)
- colors: help to identify pills (important for prescription safety)
- lubricants: help manufacturing by preventing pills from sticking to
machinery
Michaelis-Menton Kinetics representation of how non-competitive inhibitors function
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,Michaelis-Menton Kinetics representation of how un-competitive inhibitors function
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Discovery phase (key characteristics: time, goals, end product)
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- 1 to 3yrs
- start with an idea and discover a new molecular entity
- drug candidate
partial agonist (two possibilities)
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- agonist binds to receptor and produces non-ideal conformation change
(signal is dampened so signal sent is short and weak)
- agonist can bind to receptor in more than one way in which one mode
gives agonism and the other antagonism resulting in partial signal being
sent
, Drug candidate
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molecule identified as potential drug
Structure is kept secret by company until development is complete
What is Vmax?
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the maximum rate of reaction -- when the enzyme is saturated with
substrate
Generic Pharmaceutical Companies
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- research is limited, focused on manufacturing if anything
- not looking for new
- market products no longer protected by patents
- very large to medium (100,000s employees)
dipole-dipole interactions
Give this one a try later!
Give this one a try later!
It only targets cell wall synthesis, there are no cell walls in human cells but
they are in bacterial cells
Clinical trial phase (key characteristics: time, goals, end product)
Give this one a try later!
, - 1 to 5yrs
- test IND for safety -- establish safe limits for dosing, test for efficacy,
establish dosing, test for rare side effects
- New Drug Application
List 4 different types of excipients and briefly explain their importance for formulation
Give this one a try later!
- stabilizers (acid or base): protect drug from chemical degradation
- preservatives: prevent mold or bacterial growth
- fillers: ensure consistent dosing
- disintegrants: help with water dissolution by forcing the components of
pills apart
- binders: hold solid components together in pills
- flavors: mask the taste of active ingredients (many drugs are bitter)
- colors: help to identify pills (important for prescription safety)
- lubricants: help manufacturing by preventing pills from sticking to
machinery
Michaelis-Menton Kinetics representation of how non-competitive inhibitors function
Give this one a try later!
,Michaelis-Menton Kinetics representation of how un-competitive inhibitors function
Give this one a try later!
Discovery phase (key characteristics: time, goals, end product)
Give this one a try later!
- 1 to 3yrs
- start with an idea and discover a new molecular entity
- drug candidate
partial agonist (two possibilities)
Give this one a try later!
- agonist binds to receptor and produces non-ideal conformation change
(signal is dampened so signal sent is short and weak)
- agonist can bind to receptor in more than one way in which one mode
gives agonism and the other antagonism resulting in partial signal being
sent
, Drug candidate
Give this one a try later!
molecule identified as potential drug
Structure is kept secret by company until development is complete
What is Vmax?
Give this one a try later!
the maximum rate of reaction -- when the enzyme is saturated with
substrate
Generic Pharmaceutical Companies
Give this one a try later!
- research is limited, focused on manufacturing if anything
- not looking for new
- market products no longer protected by patents
- very large to medium (100,000s employees)
dipole-dipole interactions
Give this one a try later!
