Weeds study guide for PCA exam ACTUAL UPDATED QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS
Summer Annual Weeds Emerge in the spring or early summer, grow during the summer, produce seed in
mid to late summer, and are killed by frost in fall/early winter.
Winter Annual Weeds Typically emerge late summer or fall, survive through the winter by growing into
small rosettes, then resume their growth and produce seeds in late spring or early
summer the following year.
Perennials Plants that live 3 or more years, repeating the vegetative growth and reproductive
cycles each year.
Biennials Angiosperms that complete their life cycle in two years, usually don't flower or
reproduce until the second season.
Dicot angiosperm with two cotyledons inside its seed, flower parts in multiples of four
or five, and vascular bundles in rings
Monocot angiosperm with one seed leaf in its ovary
cotyledon first leaf or first pair of leaves produced by the embryo of a seed plant
first true leaves primary leaves
collar region Region consisting, leaf blade, leaf sheath, auricles (if present), a ligule, and
connective collar
Leaf blade flattened part of leaf
, Node point where one or more leaves are attached
Internode A segment of a plant stem between the points where leaves are attached.
leaf sheath the base of a leaf that wraps around the stem; typical in grasses and some other
monocots.
Petiole The stalk of a leaf, which joins the leaf to a node of the stem.
Auricle Claw like appendages on collar
Ligule A membranous or hairy structure on the inside of a leaf at the junction of the leaf
blade and sheath
Awn bristlelike appendage of certain grasses
CORRECT ANSWERS
Summer Annual Weeds Emerge in the spring or early summer, grow during the summer, produce seed in
mid to late summer, and are killed by frost in fall/early winter.
Winter Annual Weeds Typically emerge late summer or fall, survive through the winter by growing into
small rosettes, then resume their growth and produce seeds in late spring or early
summer the following year.
Perennials Plants that live 3 or more years, repeating the vegetative growth and reproductive
cycles each year.
Biennials Angiosperms that complete their life cycle in two years, usually don't flower or
reproduce until the second season.
Dicot angiosperm with two cotyledons inside its seed, flower parts in multiples of four
or five, and vascular bundles in rings
Monocot angiosperm with one seed leaf in its ovary
cotyledon first leaf or first pair of leaves produced by the embryo of a seed plant
first true leaves primary leaves
collar region Region consisting, leaf blade, leaf sheath, auricles (if present), a ligule, and
connective collar
Leaf blade flattened part of leaf
, Node point where one or more leaves are attached
Internode A segment of a plant stem between the points where leaves are attached.
leaf sheath the base of a leaf that wraps around the stem; typical in grasses and some other
monocots.
Petiole The stalk of a leaf, which joins the leaf to a node of the stem.
Auricle Claw like appendages on collar
Ligule A membranous or hairy structure on the inside of a leaf at the junction of the leaf
blade and sheath
Awn bristlelike appendage of certain grasses
