WGU Pathophysiology D236 with
questions and well verified answers
actual exam!!! 2026
Describe how your body responds to an infection. - ANSWER -T cells produce cytokines,
which stimulate B cells. B cells produce antibodies.
Identify role of DNA changes in congenital abnormalities. - ANSWER -Mutations in genes
or chromosomal abnormalities
How does development disrupts congenital abnormalities? - ANSWER -Alterations of
DNA
Describes factors that disrupt homeostasis and how disruptions affect wellbeing. -
ANSWER -(ex) Fluid and electrolyte shifts can cause n/v or dysrhythmias.
Explain RAAS - ANSWER -Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
1. Reduce blood flow causes kidneys to release renin
> produce angiotensin I > converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II > vasoconstriction > release
aldosterone > kidneys conserve sodium and water > Result less water lost in urine and blood
pressure maintained.
DKA - ANSWER -increased anion gap, decreased HCO3
How do kidneys compensate for alkalosis - ANSWER -retain H and excrete HCO3
Untreated acidosis leads to an increase in which electrolyte? - ANSWER -Potassium
,West Nile Virus - ANSWER -Transmitted through the bite of an infected mosquito.
Severe signs and symptoms; high fever, headache and stiff neck
Lyme disease - ANSWER -Tick-borne disease caused by the spirochete Borrelia
burgdorferi.
Erythema infectiosum - ANSWER -a febrile upper respiratory illness in a child followed
by the sudden appearance of red, flushed cheeks, "fifth disease"
Obesity ad diabetes are risk factors for having a child with _____. - ANSWER -Spina
bifida
Trousseau's sign - ANSWER -arm/carpal spasm associated with hypocalcemia
Cause and sign of spina bifida - ANSWER -results from failure of neural tube to close.
sign - fluid filled sac on lower back.
hemophilia is more common in - ANSWER -males
Prenatal exposure to alcohol includes - ANSWER -ND-PAE, decreased brain function, FAS
Connective vs muscle tissue disorders - ANSWER -Connective- RA, Scleroderma, Lupus
Muscle - MS, Muscular dystrophy, Myasthenia Gravia
Describe Lupus - ANSWER -Inflammatory disorder characterized by joint pain and
butterfly rash
Describe Myasthenia Gravis - ANSWER -It is an autoimmune disorder where antibodies
attack own Ach receptors. This causes weakness of skeletal muscles over the course of the day,
along with ptosis, double vision, and difficulty swallowing.
dermatitis - ANSWER -inflammation of the skin
, eczema - ANSWER -noninfectious, inflammatory skin disease characterized by redness,
blisters, scabs, and itching
decubitus ulcer - ANSWER -sore caused by lying down for long periods of time
Fungal infections - ANSWER -superficial, localized skin conditions or deep tissue
infections caused by exposure to spores
may or may not be transmitted
benign neoplasm - ANSWER -noncancerous growths, stationary, distinct borders
malignant neoplasm - ANSWER -uncontrolled new tissue growth, irregular borders,
spreads
Osteoporosis - ANSWER -The loss of bone mass often due to age, causing the bones to
become porous, brittle, and easily fractured.
osteomalacia - ANSWER -disease marked by softening of the bone caused by calcium
and vitamin D deficiency
myoglobin - ANSWER -red pigment that stores oxygen in muscle cells
Bursa - ANSWER -fluid-filled sac that allows for easy movement of one part of a joint
over another
Rickets - ANSWER -a vitamin D deficiency in children, resulting in soft bones
Degenerative disk disease - ANSWER -A condition in which an intervertebral disk loses
its normal structural integrity as a result of wear and tear, acute or repeated injuries or aging
questions and well verified answers
actual exam!!! 2026
Describe how your body responds to an infection. - ANSWER -T cells produce cytokines,
which stimulate B cells. B cells produce antibodies.
Identify role of DNA changes in congenital abnormalities. - ANSWER -Mutations in genes
or chromosomal abnormalities
How does development disrupts congenital abnormalities? - ANSWER -Alterations of
DNA
Describes factors that disrupt homeostasis and how disruptions affect wellbeing. -
ANSWER -(ex) Fluid and electrolyte shifts can cause n/v or dysrhythmias.
Explain RAAS - ANSWER -Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
1. Reduce blood flow causes kidneys to release renin
> produce angiotensin I > converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II > vasoconstriction > release
aldosterone > kidneys conserve sodium and water > Result less water lost in urine and blood
pressure maintained.
DKA - ANSWER -increased anion gap, decreased HCO3
How do kidneys compensate for alkalosis - ANSWER -retain H and excrete HCO3
Untreated acidosis leads to an increase in which electrolyte? - ANSWER -Potassium
,West Nile Virus - ANSWER -Transmitted through the bite of an infected mosquito.
Severe signs and symptoms; high fever, headache and stiff neck
Lyme disease - ANSWER -Tick-borne disease caused by the spirochete Borrelia
burgdorferi.
Erythema infectiosum - ANSWER -a febrile upper respiratory illness in a child followed
by the sudden appearance of red, flushed cheeks, "fifth disease"
Obesity ad diabetes are risk factors for having a child with _____. - ANSWER -Spina
bifida
Trousseau's sign - ANSWER -arm/carpal spasm associated with hypocalcemia
Cause and sign of spina bifida - ANSWER -results from failure of neural tube to close.
sign - fluid filled sac on lower back.
hemophilia is more common in - ANSWER -males
Prenatal exposure to alcohol includes - ANSWER -ND-PAE, decreased brain function, FAS
Connective vs muscle tissue disorders - ANSWER -Connective- RA, Scleroderma, Lupus
Muscle - MS, Muscular dystrophy, Myasthenia Gravia
Describe Lupus - ANSWER -Inflammatory disorder characterized by joint pain and
butterfly rash
Describe Myasthenia Gravis - ANSWER -It is an autoimmune disorder where antibodies
attack own Ach receptors. This causes weakness of skeletal muscles over the course of the day,
along with ptosis, double vision, and difficulty swallowing.
dermatitis - ANSWER -inflammation of the skin
, eczema - ANSWER -noninfectious, inflammatory skin disease characterized by redness,
blisters, scabs, and itching
decubitus ulcer - ANSWER -sore caused by lying down for long periods of time
Fungal infections - ANSWER -superficial, localized skin conditions or deep tissue
infections caused by exposure to spores
may or may not be transmitted
benign neoplasm - ANSWER -noncancerous growths, stationary, distinct borders
malignant neoplasm - ANSWER -uncontrolled new tissue growth, irregular borders,
spreads
Osteoporosis - ANSWER -The loss of bone mass often due to age, causing the bones to
become porous, brittle, and easily fractured.
osteomalacia - ANSWER -disease marked by softening of the bone caused by calcium
and vitamin D deficiency
myoglobin - ANSWER -red pigment that stores oxygen in muscle cells
Bursa - ANSWER -fluid-filled sac that allows for easy movement of one part of a joint
over another
Rickets - ANSWER -a vitamin D deficiency in children, resulting in soft bones
Degenerative disk disease - ANSWER -A condition in which an intervertebral disk loses
its normal structural integrity as a result of wear and tear, acute or repeated injuries or aging
