BIOL 271 MICROBIOLOGY WITH LAB FINAL EXAM REVIEW MODULE 2:
MICROBIAL CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION | COMPLETE STUDY GUIDE &
EXAM PREP NOTES
,
, SECTION A: BACTERIAL CELL STRUCTURE
Questions 1-30
1. The bacterial cell wall is primarily composed of peptidoglycan, which consists of
alternating N-acetylglucosamine (NAG) and N-acetylmuramic acid (NAM) residues cross-
linked by peptide chains. The cross-linking of these peptide chains in Gram-negative
bacteria occurs between which two specific amino acids?
A. L-alanine and D-glutamic acid
B. D-alanine and meso-diaminopimelic acid
C. L-lysine and D-alanine
D. D-glutamic acid and meso-diaminopimelic acid
Answer: B
2. The periplasmic space in Gram-negative bacteria contains various enzymes and proteins
that serve critical functions. Which of the following enzymes would most likely be found in
the periplasm and functions to break down toxic compounds such as antibiotics?
A. Beta-lactamase
B. DNA polymerase III
C. ATP synthase
D. Cytochrome c oxidase
Answer: A
3. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a major component of the outer membrane of Gram-
negative bacteria. The toxic component of LPS responsible for inducing fever and septic
shock in infected hosts is which of the following?
MICROBIAL CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION | COMPLETE STUDY GUIDE &
EXAM PREP NOTES
,
, SECTION A: BACTERIAL CELL STRUCTURE
Questions 1-30
1. The bacterial cell wall is primarily composed of peptidoglycan, which consists of
alternating N-acetylglucosamine (NAG) and N-acetylmuramic acid (NAM) residues cross-
linked by peptide chains. The cross-linking of these peptide chains in Gram-negative
bacteria occurs between which two specific amino acids?
A. L-alanine and D-glutamic acid
B. D-alanine and meso-diaminopimelic acid
C. L-lysine and D-alanine
D. D-glutamic acid and meso-diaminopimelic acid
Answer: B
2. The periplasmic space in Gram-negative bacteria contains various enzymes and proteins
that serve critical functions. Which of the following enzymes would most likely be found in
the periplasm and functions to break down toxic compounds such as antibiotics?
A. Beta-lactamase
B. DNA polymerase III
C. ATP synthase
D. Cytochrome c oxidase
Answer: A
3. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a major component of the outer membrane of Gram-
negative bacteria. The toxic component of LPS responsible for inducing fever and septic
shock in infected hosts is which of the following?
