Physical Sciences
(2025-2026)
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, Physics The study of forces, energy, motion
Chemistry The study of atoms and molecules, their structures, and their interactions to form
substances
Earth science The study of the Earth's structure and composition, and processes that change
Earth
essential attributes of science Studies the natural world
Uses testable ideas
Relies on data from observations/experiments
Presented for evaluation by other scientists
Leads to further questions/research
variables The changing quantities in an experiment
independent variable What you change in an experiment on purpose
dependent variable The variable that changes because of an independent variable
control variable The variable(s) you don't want to study, need to be either eliminated or kept
constant
observational study When systems are observed as they appear in nature, researchers do not attempt
to change them
physical model A model of a physical phenomenon, such as a planetary system
conceptual model A model used to visualize things that cannot be seen, such as atoms
mathematical model A model that treats physical objects/phenomena using mathematical methods
computer model A detailed, complex model calculated by a computer
principle of falsification Principle that only falsifiable statements can be subject to scientific inquiry