HOSA Review: Dental Science | Exam Questions and Answers with Verified Solutions | Latest 2026/2027 Update

HOSA Review: Dental Science | Exam Questions and Answers with Verified Solutions | Latest 2026/2027 Update A term that relates to bone - ANSWER -Osseous What make up gastric juices? - ANSWER -Pepsin & Hydrochloric Acid Another name for the windpipe - ANSWER -Trachea A term referring to the back of the body or area of the body - ANSWER Posterior When assisting with dental procedures, the dental assistant uses his/her lower back and neck, putting stress and strain on the __________ system. - ANSWER Muscular Excess bone formations that form on the lingual of the mandible - ANSWER Torus Mandibularis What bone does the mandible articulate with? - ANSWER -Temporal Bone Provides nourishment and lubrication in the TMJ - ANSWER -Synovial fluid Another name for the articular disc in the TMJ - ANSWER -Meniscus Muscle that forms the floor of the mouth - ANSWER -Myohyoid Branches of the maxillary nerve include: - ANSWER -Infraorbital, pterygopalatine, and zygomatic nerves When the cells begin to outline the future shape of the developing tooth - ANSWER -Morphodifferentiation Cementum-forming cells - ANSWER -Cementoblasts What happens when a primary tooth is loosened? - ANSWER -The roots evanesce or dissolve The thin covering over enamel on newly erupted primary teeth, which may stain very easily - ANSWER -Nasmyth's membrane Peritubular Dentin - ANSWER -Creates the wall of the dentinal tubule Primary Dentin - ANSWER -Formed before the completion of the apical foramen and forms the bulk of the tooth Alveolar Crest - ANSWER -The area where two cortical plates come together between two teeth Interradicular Septum - ANSWER -In multirooted teeth, the area of bone between the roots Periodontal Ligaments - ANSWER -Secure the tooth into the socket by a number of organized fiber groups What happens during week 7 of fetal development? - ANSWER -The palate and tongue form How many teeth are there in each arch in the deciduous dentition? - ANSWER 10 teeth Lingual Surface - ANSWER -The tooth surface that is on the tongue side Transverse Ridge - ANSWER -The union of two triangular ridges that produces one ridge across the occlusal surface Triangular Ridge - ANSWER -An elevation of enamel that descends from the cusp into the middle area of the occlusal surface Often called the "cornerstone of the mouth" - ANSWER -Cuspids What is the smallest permanent tooth in the dentition? - ANSWER -Mandibular Central What does the "contact" of the tooth refer to? - ANSWER -Where the proximal side of two teeth come together and touch Who is the "father of microbiology"? - ANSWER -Anton Van Leeuwenhoek Proved bacteria is the cause of some diseases - ANSWER -Robert Koch The group(s) of microorganisms that are of importance to dentistry is/are - ANSWER -Bacteria & Viruses If bacteria is in warm, dark, and moist areas what will happen? - ANSWER -They will divide every 20 minutes Aerobic Bacteria - ANSWER -Must have oxygen to live and grow Another name for protozoa - ANSWER -Amoeba Candidiasis & Thrush - ANSWER -Thick, white, raised patches in the mouth Smallest microorganism - ANSWER -Virus How long can the hepatitis B virus live on a dry surface? - ANSWER -14 days Varicella-Zoster Virus - ANSWER -Responsible for chickenpox What causes the common cold and flu? - ANSWER -A virus Herpes simplex virus 1 - ANSWER -Affects the lips and mouth After people have had a disease... - ANSWER -They develop natural acquired immunity to that disease The route of transmission of a microorganism by a contaminated instrument - ANSWER -Indirect contact Group of fungal infections characterized as white patches of the fingernail - ANSWER -Tinea unguium TSEs - ANSWER -Rare microorganisms; deady (affect brain tissue) Latent - ANSWER -A slow-growing virus that may be suppressed or dormant for a period of time