CISSN STUDYGUIDE COMPREHENSIVE EXAM SCRIPT COMPLETE QUESTIONS VERIFIED
SOLUTIONS
Cissn Studyguide EXAM Script 2026/2027 Complete
Answers Verified Questions and Answers Verified
Solutions Latest Update
Question:
What is a waxy maize starch and what effect does it have on blood glucose?
Answer:
+ Slow digesting starch. + Blunts plasma and insulin response leading to prolonged energy
availability and satiety compared to rapidly digested starches. + Absorbed with less insulin allowing
ketogenic effects to remain. + Examples are rice, barley, and corn. + Contains two starch polymers:
amylose, and amylopectin.
Question:
Based on recent studies, which vitamin shows evidence of positively affecting muscle function?
Answer:
Vitamin D
Question:
The ISSN opinion on energy drinks
Answer:
1. The primary ergogenic nutrients in most ED and ES appear to be carbohydrates and/or caffeine. 2.
The ergogenic value of caffeine on mental and physical performance has been well-established but
the potential additive benefits of other nutrients contained in ED and ES remain to be determined. 3.
Consuming ED 10-60 minutes before exercise can improve mental focus, alertness, anaerobic
performance, and/or endurance performance. 4. Many ED and ES contain numerous ingredients;
these products in particular merit further study to demonstrate their safety and potential effects on
physical and mental performance. 5. There is some limited evidence that consumption of
low-calorie ED during training and/or weight loss trials may provide ergogenic benefit and/or
promote a small amount of additional fat loss. However, ingestion of higher calorie ED may
promote weight gain if the energy intake from consumption of ED is not carefully considered as part
of the total daily energy intake. 6. Athletes should consider the impact of ingesting high glycemic
,load carbohydrates on metabolic health, blood glucose and insulin levels, as well as the effects of
caffeine and other stimulants on motor skill performance. 7. Children and adolescents should only
consider use of ED or ES with parental approval. 8. Uncareful use of ED or ES, especially if more
than one serving per day is consumed, may lead to adverse events and harmful side effects. 9.
Diabetics and individuals with cardiovascular, metabolic, hepatorenal, and neurologic disease who
are taking medications that may be affected by high glycemic load foods, caffeine, and/or other
stimulants should avoid the use of ED and/or ES unless approved by their physician.
Question:
What is needed for gluconeogenesis in humans? Give examples of gluconeogenic precursors.
Answer:
Gluconeogenesis relies upon lactate, pyruvate, glycerol (catabolic produce of triacylglycerols) and
certain amino acids (glutamine and alanine)
Question:
What effect does long-term coffee consumption have on Type II Diabetes?
Answer:
Moderate consumption of both caffeinated and decaffeinated coffee may lower risk of type 2
diabetes in younger and middle-aged women.
Question:
What effect does supplementing with WPI have on muscle damage?
Answer:
(whey protein isolate) affected isometric and isokinetic MUSCLE RECOVERY improves recovery
rates and reduces damage from intense training
Question:
When glycogen stores are depleted, what macronutrient becomes the predominant fuel source
during distance running?
Answer:
,fat
Question:
What are the effects of pre-exercise dehydration on thermoregulation and exercise performance?
Answer:
Decreased thermoregulation and performance. dehydration = fatigue
Question:
What are the effects of L-alanyl-L-glutamine supplementation on time-to- exhaustion and
dehydration stress?
Answer:
- provides ergogenic benefit increased time-to-exhaustion during mild hydration stress enhanced
electrolyte and fluid absorption = potential use for cardiovascular exercise, which causes hydration
stress.
Question:
What effects can a low-carbohydrate diet have on prolonged physical activity?
Answer:
Decreased glycogen synthesis, decreased performance, overreaching/ overtraining.
Question:
Approximately how many days of heat exposure does it take to fully acclimate to exercising in the
heat?
Answer:
14 days for complete acclimation.
Question:
What is HICA and what are the effects of its supplementation for a period of 4 weeks?
, Answer:
- HICA = alfa-hydroxy-isocaproic acid the end product of leucine metabolism in human tissue such
as muscle and connective considered an anti-catabolic substance studied body composition, delayed
onset of muscle soreness, physical performance 4 week period of HICA supplementation
Question:
1.5 g/day leads to increase MUSCLE MASS
Answer:
Question:
What is a BOD POD? DEXA?
Answer:
BOD POD: body composition recording device that uses Air Displacement Plethysmography (how
much air your body displaces) DEXA: Dual X-ray Absorptiometry. Uses beams of very low-energy
radiation to determine the density of the bone.
Question:
Compare fat and carbohydrate oxidation during exercise. Under what conditions does one fuel
source predominate over the other?
Answer:
- Fat oxidation occurs at low intensity long duration exercise. Carbohydrates are oxidized during
higher intensity shorter exercise.
Question:
What effect does betaine supplementation have on exercise performance?
Answer:
- shown to increase power, force and maintenance affects exercise performance through favorable
lactate and fatty acid substrate metabolism.
SOLUTIONS
Cissn Studyguide EXAM Script 2026/2027 Complete
Answers Verified Questions and Answers Verified
Solutions Latest Update
Question:
What is a waxy maize starch and what effect does it have on blood glucose?
Answer:
+ Slow digesting starch. + Blunts plasma and insulin response leading to prolonged energy
availability and satiety compared to rapidly digested starches. + Absorbed with less insulin allowing
ketogenic effects to remain. + Examples are rice, barley, and corn. + Contains two starch polymers:
amylose, and amylopectin.
Question:
Based on recent studies, which vitamin shows evidence of positively affecting muscle function?
Answer:
Vitamin D
Question:
The ISSN opinion on energy drinks
Answer:
1. The primary ergogenic nutrients in most ED and ES appear to be carbohydrates and/or caffeine. 2.
The ergogenic value of caffeine on mental and physical performance has been well-established but
the potential additive benefits of other nutrients contained in ED and ES remain to be determined. 3.
Consuming ED 10-60 minutes before exercise can improve mental focus, alertness, anaerobic
performance, and/or endurance performance. 4. Many ED and ES contain numerous ingredients;
these products in particular merit further study to demonstrate their safety and potential effects on
physical and mental performance. 5. There is some limited evidence that consumption of
low-calorie ED during training and/or weight loss trials may provide ergogenic benefit and/or
promote a small amount of additional fat loss. However, ingestion of higher calorie ED may
promote weight gain if the energy intake from consumption of ED is not carefully considered as part
of the total daily energy intake. 6. Athletes should consider the impact of ingesting high glycemic
,load carbohydrates on metabolic health, blood glucose and insulin levels, as well as the effects of
caffeine and other stimulants on motor skill performance. 7. Children and adolescents should only
consider use of ED or ES with parental approval. 8. Uncareful use of ED or ES, especially if more
than one serving per day is consumed, may lead to adverse events and harmful side effects. 9.
Diabetics and individuals with cardiovascular, metabolic, hepatorenal, and neurologic disease who
are taking medications that may be affected by high glycemic load foods, caffeine, and/or other
stimulants should avoid the use of ED and/or ES unless approved by their physician.
Question:
What is needed for gluconeogenesis in humans? Give examples of gluconeogenic precursors.
Answer:
Gluconeogenesis relies upon lactate, pyruvate, glycerol (catabolic produce of triacylglycerols) and
certain amino acids (glutamine and alanine)
Question:
What effect does long-term coffee consumption have on Type II Diabetes?
Answer:
Moderate consumption of both caffeinated and decaffeinated coffee may lower risk of type 2
diabetes in younger and middle-aged women.
Question:
What effect does supplementing with WPI have on muscle damage?
Answer:
(whey protein isolate) affected isometric and isokinetic MUSCLE RECOVERY improves recovery
rates and reduces damage from intense training
Question:
When glycogen stores are depleted, what macronutrient becomes the predominant fuel source
during distance running?
Answer:
,fat
Question:
What are the effects of pre-exercise dehydration on thermoregulation and exercise performance?
Answer:
Decreased thermoregulation and performance. dehydration = fatigue
Question:
What are the effects of L-alanyl-L-glutamine supplementation on time-to- exhaustion and
dehydration stress?
Answer:
- provides ergogenic benefit increased time-to-exhaustion during mild hydration stress enhanced
electrolyte and fluid absorption = potential use for cardiovascular exercise, which causes hydration
stress.
Question:
What effects can a low-carbohydrate diet have on prolonged physical activity?
Answer:
Decreased glycogen synthesis, decreased performance, overreaching/ overtraining.
Question:
Approximately how many days of heat exposure does it take to fully acclimate to exercising in the
heat?
Answer:
14 days for complete acclimation.
Question:
What is HICA and what are the effects of its supplementation for a period of 4 weeks?
, Answer:
- HICA = alfa-hydroxy-isocaproic acid the end product of leucine metabolism in human tissue such
as muscle and connective considered an anti-catabolic substance studied body composition, delayed
onset of muscle soreness, physical performance 4 week period of HICA supplementation
Question:
1.5 g/day leads to increase MUSCLE MASS
Answer:
Question:
What is a BOD POD? DEXA?
Answer:
BOD POD: body composition recording device that uses Air Displacement Plethysmography (how
much air your body displaces) DEXA: Dual X-ray Absorptiometry. Uses beams of very low-energy
radiation to determine the density of the bone.
Question:
Compare fat and carbohydrate oxidation during exercise. Under what conditions does one fuel
source predominate over the other?
Answer:
- Fat oxidation occurs at low intensity long duration exercise. Carbohydrates are oxidized during
higher intensity shorter exercise.
Question:
What effect does betaine supplementation have on exercise performance?
Answer:
- shown to increase power, force and maintenance affects exercise performance through favorable
lactate and fatty acid substrate metabolism.
