NR 507 Advanced Pathophysiology Midterm Exam:
Complete 200-Question Bank with Rationales for
Weeks 1-4
NR 507 Advanced Pathophysiology Midterm Exam
Week 1-4 Complete Question Bank with Rationales
Section I: Cellular Biology & Genetics
1. When a baby has been identified as having fetal
exposure to alcohol, which assessment parameter
should be considered?
• A. Low birth weight
• B. Mental retardation
• C. Facial anomalies
• D. All of the above
Rationale: Fetal alcohol syndrome is characterized
by a cluster of features including low birth weight,
intellectual disability, and distinct facial anomalies
,(smooth philtrum, thin upper lip, small palpebral
fissures). All listed parameters are part of the
comprehensive assessment for fetal alcohol
exposure .
2. A 45-year-old patient is diagnosed with a
condition characterized by a failure of the sodium-
potassium pump. Which cellular process would be
most immediately affected?
• A. Protein synthesis
• B. DNA replication
• C. Maintenance of resting membrane
potential
• D. Phagocytosis
Rationale: The sodium-potassium pump (Na+/K+
ATPase) is primarily responsible for maintaining the
resting membrane potential by pumping 3 Na+ out
and 2 K+ in. Its failure leads to cellular
,depolarization and loss of excitability. This is
fundamental to nerve and muscle function .
3. Which type of cellular adaptation is most likely
to occur in the uterine myometrium during
pregnancy?
• A. Atrophy
• B. Metaplasia
• C. Dysplasia
• D. Hypertrophy
Rationale: Hypertrophy is the increase in cell size,
leading to an increase in organ size. The uterine
smooth muscle cells enlarge (hypertrophy) in
response to estrogen stimulation during pregnancy.
This is a physiologic, reversible adaptation .
4. The nurse is caring for a patient with a genetic
disease that is transmitted through autosomal
, recessive inheritance. Which is most likely the
diagnosis for the patient?
• A. Huntington disease
• B. Down syndrome
• C. Cystic fibrosis
• D. Hemophilia
Rationale: Cystic fibrosis is a classic example of an
autosomal recessive disorder requiring two copies
of the mutated gene (one from each parent).
Huntington disease is autosomal dominant, Down
syndrome is a chromosomal trisomy (47
chromosomes), and hemophilia A is X-linked
recessive .
5. The nurse is caring for a new mother who just
gave birth to a baby with Down syndrome. The
nurse explains that this syndrome is a result of
trisomy with which chromosome?
Complete 200-Question Bank with Rationales for
Weeks 1-4
NR 507 Advanced Pathophysiology Midterm Exam
Week 1-4 Complete Question Bank with Rationales
Section I: Cellular Biology & Genetics
1. When a baby has been identified as having fetal
exposure to alcohol, which assessment parameter
should be considered?
• A. Low birth weight
• B. Mental retardation
• C. Facial anomalies
• D. All of the above
Rationale: Fetal alcohol syndrome is characterized
by a cluster of features including low birth weight,
intellectual disability, and distinct facial anomalies
,(smooth philtrum, thin upper lip, small palpebral
fissures). All listed parameters are part of the
comprehensive assessment for fetal alcohol
exposure .
2. A 45-year-old patient is diagnosed with a
condition characterized by a failure of the sodium-
potassium pump. Which cellular process would be
most immediately affected?
• A. Protein synthesis
• B. DNA replication
• C. Maintenance of resting membrane
potential
• D. Phagocytosis
Rationale: The sodium-potassium pump (Na+/K+
ATPase) is primarily responsible for maintaining the
resting membrane potential by pumping 3 Na+ out
and 2 K+ in. Its failure leads to cellular
,depolarization and loss of excitability. This is
fundamental to nerve and muscle function .
3. Which type of cellular adaptation is most likely
to occur in the uterine myometrium during
pregnancy?
• A. Atrophy
• B. Metaplasia
• C. Dysplasia
• D. Hypertrophy
Rationale: Hypertrophy is the increase in cell size,
leading to an increase in organ size. The uterine
smooth muscle cells enlarge (hypertrophy) in
response to estrogen stimulation during pregnancy.
This is a physiologic, reversible adaptation .
4. The nurse is caring for a patient with a genetic
disease that is transmitted through autosomal
, recessive inheritance. Which is most likely the
diagnosis for the patient?
• A. Huntington disease
• B. Down syndrome
• C. Cystic fibrosis
• D. Hemophilia
Rationale: Cystic fibrosis is a classic example of an
autosomal recessive disorder requiring two copies
of the mutated gene (one from each parent).
Huntington disease is autosomal dominant, Down
syndrome is a chromosomal trisomy (47
chromosomes), and hemophilia A is X-linked
recessive .
5. The nurse is caring for a new mother who just
gave birth to a baby with Down syndrome. The
nurse explains that this syndrome is a result of
trisomy with which chromosome?
