Essentials of Human Anatomy and Physiology
(11th Edition by Elaine N. Marieb) Chapter 3-4
WITH CORRECT WELL VERIFIED 2026!
Cells - ANSWER⭐☑️The building blocks of all living things
Tissues - ANSWER⭐☑️Groups of cells that are similar in structure and function
Nucleus - ANSWER⭐☑️Control center of cell, contains DNA, necessary for cell reproduction.
Nuclear Envelope - ANSWER⭐☑️Encloses the jelly-like fluid nucleoplasm in which other nuclear
elements are suspended
Nucleoli - ANSWER⭐☑️One or more may be present in the nucleus, site of ribosome assembly
Chromatin - ANSWER⭐☑️When a cell is not dividing, its DNA is combined with protein and forms a loose
network of bumpy threads called _________.
Chromosomes - ANSWER⭐☑️When a cell is dividing to form two daughter cells, the chromatin threads
coil and condense to form dense, rod-like bodies called ___________.
Plasma Membrane - ANSWER⭐☑️A fragile, transparent barrier that contains the cell contents and
separates them from the surrounding environment.
Hydrophobic - ANSWER⭐☑️The __________ makeup of the membrane interior makes the plasma
membrane relatively impermeable to most water-soluble molecules.
Tight Junctions - ANSWER⭐☑️Impermeable, bind cells together into leak-proof sheets
,Desmosomes - ANSWER⭐☑️Anchoring junctions that prevent cells from being pulled apart
Gap junctions - ANSWER⭐☑️Allow communication between cells
Cytoplasm - ANSWER⭐☑️The cellular material outside the nucleus, inside the plasma membrane. The
"factory area" of the cell.
Cytosol - ANSWER⭐☑️Semi-transparent fluid that suspends other elements
Inclusions - ANSWER⭐☑️Chemical substances such as stored nutrients or cell products. May or may not
be present depending on cell type
Organelles - ANSWER⭐☑️Metabolic machinery of the cell
Mitochondria - ANSWER⭐☑️The "powerhouse" organelles that convert the chemical energy stored in
food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use
Ribosomes - ANSWER⭐☑️Site of protein synthesis found in two locations: free in cytoplasm, as part of
rough ER
ER: Endoplasmic Reticulum - ANSWER⭐☑️Fluid filled tubules for carrying substances
Golgi Apparatus - ANSWER⭐☑️Modifies and packages proteins ("Traffic Director"), produces different
types of packages
Lysosomes - ANSWER⭐☑️Contain enzymes that digest worn out or non-usable materials within the cell
Peroxisomes - ANSWER⭐☑️Membranous sacs of oxidase enzymes that detoxify harmful substances such
as alcohol and formaldehyde and break down free radicals. Replicate by pinching in half
, Cytoskeleton - ANSWER⭐☑️Network of protein structures that extend throughout the cytoplasm
Microfilaments - ANSWER⭐☑️Fine, threadlike proteins found in the cell's cytoskeleton
Intermediate filaments - ANSWER⭐☑️Rope-like strands of protein that help to form desmosomes and
resist pulling forces on the cell, located in the cell's cytoskeleton
Microtubules - ANSWER⭐☑️A hollow rod composed of tubulin proteins that makes up part of the
cytoskeleton in all eukaryotic cells and is found in cilia and flagella.
Centrioles - ANSWER⭐☑️Rod shaped bodies made of a pinwheel array of fine microtubules, lie at right-
angles to each other and direct the formation of mitotic spindle during cell division
Cilia - ANSWER⭐☑️Move materials across the cell surface (located in the respiratory system to move
mucus)
Cell Extensions - ANSWER⭐☑️Cilia, Flagella and Microvilli
Microvilli - ANSWER⭐☑️Finger-like projections of the plasma membrane that project from an exposed
cell surface and increase surface area for absorption.
Cells that connect body parts - ANSWER⭐☑️Fibroblast (has abundant rough ER and a large golgi to make
and secrete the protein building blocks of these fibers), and Erythrocyte (red blood cell): carries oxygen
in bloodstream.
Cells that cover and line body organs - ANSWER⭐☑️Epithelial cells (shape allows packing together)
Cells that move organs and body parts - ANSWER⭐☑️Skeletal muscle and Smooth muscle cells - These
cells are elongated and filled with abundant contractile filaments, so they can shorten forcefully and
move the bones or change the size of internal organs.
(11th Edition by Elaine N. Marieb) Chapter 3-4
WITH CORRECT WELL VERIFIED 2026!
Cells - ANSWER⭐☑️The building blocks of all living things
Tissues - ANSWER⭐☑️Groups of cells that are similar in structure and function
Nucleus - ANSWER⭐☑️Control center of cell, contains DNA, necessary for cell reproduction.
Nuclear Envelope - ANSWER⭐☑️Encloses the jelly-like fluid nucleoplasm in which other nuclear
elements are suspended
Nucleoli - ANSWER⭐☑️One or more may be present in the nucleus, site of ribosome assembly
Chromatin - ANSWER⭐☑️When a cell is not dividing, its DNA is combined with protein and forms a loose
network of bumpy threads called _________.
Chromosomes - ANSWER⭐☑️When a cell is dividing to form two daughter cells, the chromatin threads
coil and condense to form dense, rod-like bodies called ___________.
Plasma Membrane - ANSWER⭐☑️A fragile, transparent barrier that contains the cell contents and
separates them from the surrounding environment.
Hydrophobic - ANSWER⭐☑️The __________ makeup of the membrane interior makes the plasma
membrane relatively impermeable to most water-soluble molecules.
Tight Junctions - ANSWER⭐☑️Impermeable, bind cells together into leak-proof sheets
,Desmosomes - ANSWER⭐☑️Anchoring junctions that prevent cells from being pulled apart
Gap junctions - ANSWER⭐☑️Allow communication between cells
Cytoplasm - ANSWER⭐☑️The cellular material outside the nucleus, inside the plasma membrane. The
"factory area" of the cell.
Cytosol - ANSWER⭐☑️Semi-transparent fluid that suspends other elements
Inclusions - ANSWER⭐☑️Chemical substances such as stored nutrients or cell products. May or may not
be present depending on cell type
Organelles - ANSWER⭐☑️Metabolic machinery of the cell
Mitochondria - ANSWER⭐☑️The "powerhouse" organelles that convert the chemical energy stored in
food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use
Ribosomes - ANSWER⭐☑️Site of protein synthesis found in two locations: free in cytoplasm, as part of
rough ER
ER: Endoplasmic Reticulum - ANSWER⭐☑️Fluid filled tubules for carrying substances
Golgi Apparatus - ANSWER⭐☑️Modifies and packages proteins ("Traffic Director"), produces different
types of packages
Lysosomes - ANSWER⭐☑️Contain enzymes that digest worn out or non-usable materials within the cell
Peroxisomes - ANSWER⭐☑️Membranous sacs of oxidase enzymes that detoxify harmful substances such
as alcohol and formaldehyde and break down free radicals. Replicate by pinching in half
, Cytoskeleton - ANSWER⭐☑️Network of protein structures that extend throughout the cytoplasm
Microfilaments - ANSWER⭐☑️Fine, threadlike proteins found in the cell's cytoskeleton
Intermediate filaments - ANSWER⭐☑️Rope-like strands of protein that help to form desmosomes and
resist pulling forces on the cell, located in the cell's cytoskeleton
Microtubules - ANSWER⭐☑️A hollow rod composed of tubulin proteins that makes up part of the
cytoskeleton in all eukaryotic cells and is found in cilia and flagella.
Centrioles - ANSWER⭐☑️Rod shaped bodies made of a pinwheel array of fine microtubules, lie at right-
angles to each other and direct the formation of mitotic spindle during cell division
Cilia - ANSWER⭐☑️Move materials across the cell surface (located in the respiratory system to move
mucus)
Cell Extensions - ANSWER⭐☑️Cilia, Flagella and Microvilli
Microvilli - ANSWER⭐☑️Finger-like projections of the plasma membrane that project from an exposed
cell surface and increase surface area for absorption.
Cells that connect body parts - ANSWER⭐☑️Fibroblast (has abundant rough ER and a large golgi to make
and secrete the protein building blocks of these fibers), and Erythrocyte (red blood cell): carries oxygen
in bloodstream.
Cells that cover and line body organs - ANSWER⭐☑️Epithelial cells (shape allows packing together)
Cells that move organs and body parts - ANSWER⭐☑️Skeletal muscle and Smooth muscle cells - These
cells are elongated and filled with abundant contractile filaments, so they can shorten forcefully and
move the bones or change the size of internal organs.
