BIO1107H UNIT 4 – MATTHEW ADERHOLT – ABAC QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS |
BIO1107H UNIT 4 STUDY GUIDE 2026/2027
Heredity - ANS ✔✔Passing of traits from parents to offspring
characters - ANS ✔✔Categories of an organism's physical appearance (Ex Eye color, hair color etc.)
Traits - ANS ✔✔Specific variants of a character (Ex. blue eyes, red hair)
Genes - ANS ✔✔____________ are specific segments of DNA that code for a protein ---> determines
physical appearance.
Alleles - ANS ✔✔Alternative forms/versions of a gene
Locus (loci) - ANS ✔✔Refers to the physical location of a gene on a chromosomes
Dominant - ANS ✔✔_____________________ alleles: always expressed when present
Recessive - ANS ✔✔____________________ alleles: Only expressed when dominant alleles is absent
Phenotype - ANS ✔✔_________________ refers to an orgainsim's physical appearance
Geneotype - ANS ✔✔__________________ refers to an organism's makeup
Homozygous - ANS ✔✔__________________ means two of the same allele
Homozygous Dominant - ANS ✔✔AA is...
Homozygous Recessive - ANS ✔✔aa is...
Heterozygous - ANS ✔✔_________________ means two different alleles "Aa"
monohybrid cross - ANS ✔✔Organisms being cross differ by one single trait. (Purple vs. white flowers)
True-breeding - ANS ✔✔Individual is homozygous for a given trait.
law of indenpendent assortment - ANS ✔✔Homologous chromosomes line up randomly in meiosis 1
creating mant possible combinations of traits.
---> All combinations are equally likely outcomes
Law of dominance - ANS ✔✔Recessive alleles are only expressed when dominant alleles are absent
Law of Segregation - ANS ✔✔Homologous chromosomes separate during meiosis 1 so that each gamete
only recive one.
, incomplete dominance - ANS ✔✔the domonant allele dosen't completly mask the recessive allele --->
produces a blended phenotype
Co-dominance - ANS ✔✔More than one dominant allele for a given character ---> expressed separatly
multiple alleles - ANS ✔✔3+ alleles for a given character (ex. Human blood types)
Epistasis - ANS ✔✔the express of one gene is depant on the presence of a separate modifier gene (Ex.
coat color)
one gene controls pigment color and one controls pigment deposition - ANS ✔✔in epistasis
______________________________________________________
polygenic inheritance - ANS ✔✔Many genes control a single character (ex. human skin color)
one gene controls multlple characters - ANS ✔✔With sikle cell anemia...
homologous pairs of chromosomes - ANS ✔✔Diploid organisms posses
________________________________________
independent assortment - ANS ✔✔_________________________________ in meiosis 1 randomly
distributes homologous chromosomes generating many possible combos of traits.
Meiosis - ANS ✔✔______________ generates haploid gametes
Sperm, egg - ANS ✔✔_____________ & ______________ contribute equally to the genetic info of
offspring
diploid zygote - ANS ✔✔Fertilization produces a ____________________________
Linked genes - ANS ✔✔_____________ are any genes located on the same chromosomes ---> do not
follow indenpent assortment ---> likely to be inheritied together
crossing over - ANS ✔✔___________________ can seperate/ recombo linked genes ---> linkage depends
on distance
1% of recomboation - ANS ✔✔1cm =
sex linked genes - ANS ✔✔Any gene located on a sex chromosome
Changes in chromosome #, size, or arrangement - ANS ✔✔Genetic diseases result from...
Karyotypes - ANS ✔✔chromosomes are arrange in homologous pairs from largest to smallest.
Autosomes - ANS ✔✔Body or non-sex chromosomes
BIO1107H UNIT 4 STUDY GUIDE 2026/2027
Heredity - ANS ✔✔Passing of traits from parents to offspring
characters - ANS ✔✔Categories of an organism's physical appearance (Ex Eye color, hair color etc.)
Traits - ANS ✔✔Specific variants of a character (Ex. blue eyes, red hair)
Genes - ANS ✔✔____________ are specific segments of DNA that code for a protein ---> determines
physical appearance.
Alleles - ANS ✔✔Alternative forms/versions of a gene
Locus (loci) - ANS ✔✔Refers to the physical location of a gene on a chromosomes
Dominant - ANS ✔✔_____________________ alleles: always expressed when present
Recessive - ANS ✔✔____________________ alleles: Only expressed when dominant alleles is absent
Phenotype - ANS ✔✔_________________ refers to an orgainsim's physical appearance
Geneotype - ANS ✔✔__________________ refers to an organism's makeup
Homozygous - ANS ✔✔__________________ means two of the same allele
Homozygous Dominant - ANS ✔✔AA is...
Homozygous Recessive - ANS ✔✔aa is...
Heterozygous - ANS ✔✔_________________ means two different alleles "Aa"
monohybrid cross - ANS ✔✔Organisms being cross differ by one single trait. (Purple vs. white flowers)
True-breeding - ANS ✔✔Individual is homozygous for a given trait.
law of indenpendent assortment - ANS ✔✔Homologous chromosomes line up randomly in meiosis 1
creating mant possible combinations of traits.
---> All combinations are equally likely outcomes
Law of dominance - ANS ✔✔Recessive alleles are only expressed when dominant alleles are absent
Law of Segregation - ANS ✔✔Homologous chromosomes separate during meiosis 1 so that each gamete
only recive one.
, incomplete dominance - ANS ✔✔the domonant allele dosen't completly mask the recessive allele --->
produces a blended phenotype
Co-dominance - ANS ✔✔More than one dominant allele for a given character ---> expressed separatly
multiple alleles - ANS ✔✔3+ alleles for a given character (ex. Human blood types)
Epistasis - ANS ✔✔the express of one gene is depant on the presence of a separate modifier gene (Ex.
coat color)
one gene controls pigment color and one controls pigment deposition - ANS ✔✔in epistasis
______________________________________________________
polygenic inheritance - ANS ✔✔Many genes control a single character (ex. human skin color)
one gene controls multlple characters - ANS ✔✔With sikle cell anemia...
homologous pairs of chromosomes - ANS ✔✔Diploid organisms posses
________________________________________
independent assortment - ANS ✔✔_________________________________ in meiosis 1 randomly
distributes homologous chromosomes generating many possible combos of traits.
Meiosis - ANS ✔✔______________ generates haploid gametes
Sperm, egg - ANS ✔✔_____________ & ______________ contribute equally to the genetic info of
offspring
diploid zygote - ANS ✔✔Fertilization produces a ____________________________
Linked genes - ANS ✔✔_____________ are any genes located on the same chromosomes ---> do not
follow indenpent assortment ---> likely to be inheritied together
crossing over - ANS ✔✔___________________ can seperate/ recombo linked genes ---> linkage depends
on distance
1% of recomboation - ANS ✔✔1cm =
sex linked genes - ANS ✔✔Any gene located on a sex chromosome
Changes in chromosome #, size, or arrangement - ANS ✔✔Genetic diseases result from...
Karyotypes - ANS ✔✔chromosomes are arrange in homologous pairs from largest to smallest.
Autosomes - ANS ✔✔Body or non-sex chromosomes
