NURS 3366 Exam 2 – Inflammation & Immune Response
2026 | Questions & Verified Answers | Latest Update |
Graded A+
1. If a patient has a urinary tract infection (UTI), which aspect of the
genitourinary system's defense mechanism might be compromised, and what
could be a potential therapeutic intervention?
The flow of urine may be compromised; increasing fluid intake to
enhance urine flow could be a therapeutic intervention.
The secretion of hormones may be disrupted; hormone replacement
therapy could be a therapeutic intervention.
The acidic environment may be weakened; using probiotics to restore
acidity could be a therapeutic intervention.
The presence of beneficial bacteria may be reduced; administering
antibiotics could be a therapeutic intervention.
2. According to the Sepsis Alliance, how is sepsis defined?
Your body's extreme reaction to an infection
A serious condition in which the body responds improperly to an
infection
Blood poisoning
The body's overwhelming and life-threatening response to infection
that can lead to tissue damage, organ failure, and death.
3. A patient presents with symptoms of fever, increased heart rate, and elevated
white blood cell count. How should a healthcare provider respond if SIRS is
suspected?
Administer anti-inflammatory medication without further assessment.
, Schedule a follow-up appointment in a week without immediate
intervention.
Initiate further diagnostic tests and monitor the patient closely for
signs of infection.
Discharge the patient with reassurance of a mild infection.
4. Describe how antibiotics can affect the gastrointestinal system's defenses.
Antibiotics strengthen the immune response in the GI tract.
Antibiotics can alter bowel flora, which may compromise the
gastrointestinal defenses.
Antibiotics have no effect on gastrointestinal defenses.
Antibiotics only affect the respiratory system.
5. Which of the following is a sign or symptoms of septic shock?
Increased urine output
Warm, moist skin
Altered mental status
Hypertension
6. What is innate immunity?
The first line of defence against pathogens that is present in birth
and is not antigen specific
The body's ability to generate specific antibodies against pathogens
Immunity acquired through vaccination
Immunity that develops after exposure to a specific pathogen
,7. Acquired immunity refers to the type of specific immunity that
all of the choices
develops after exposure to a specific pathogen.
involves the participation of lymphocytes.
involves a memory aspect.
8. If a patient presents with a fever, tachycardia, and an elevated white blood
cell count, what should be the immediate clinical consideration regarding
SIRS?
The patient should be treated with antibiotics immediately without
further assessment.
The patient is experiencing a normal physiological response and does
not need any intervention.
The patient is likely suffering from a common cold and does not
require further evaluation.
The patient may be experiencing SIRS and should be evaluated for
potential underlying causes.
9. What is the function of the complement system?
engulfs and destroys pathogens through phagocytosis
improves the ability of phagocytic cells and antibodies to combat a
pathogen
generates an immunological memory after initial pathogen exposure
displays antigens bound by major histocompatibility complexes to T
cells
, 10. Describe how eosinophils contribute to the immune system's defense
mechanisms.
Eosinophils are recruited to tissues and help combat infections,
particularly those caused by parasites, similar to the function of
neutrophils.
Eosinophils are involved in the production of cytokines that suppress
inflammation.
Eosinophils are responsible for the direct destruction of all types of
pathogens.
Eosinophils primarily produce antibodies to neutralize pathogens.
11. In a scenario where inflammation is excessive, how might this impact the
healing process?
Excessive inflammation only affects the adaptive immune response.
Excessive inflammation accelerates the healing process by increasing
blood flow.
Excessive inflammation has no effect on the healing process.
Excessive inflammation can lead to tissue damage and hinder the
healing process.
12. In a scenario where a patient has a compromised immune system, how might
the function of macrophages be affected, and what implications could this
have for the patient's health?
The function of macrophages may be diminished, leading to
increased susceptibility to infections and impaired inflammatory
responses.
Macrophages would become hyperactive, causing excessive
inflammation.
2026 | Questions & Verified Answers | Latest Update |
Graded A+
1. If a patient has a urinary tract infection (UTI), which aspect of the
genitourinary system's defense mechanism might be compromised, and what
could be a potential therapeutic intervention?
The flow of urine may be compromised; increasing fluid intake to
enhance urine flow could be a therapeutic intervention.
The secretion of hormones may be disrupted; hormone replacement
therapy could be a therapeutic intervention.
The acidic environment may be weakened; using probiotics to restore
acidity could be a therapeutic intervention.
The presence of beneficial bacteria may be reduced; administering
antibiotics could be a therapeutic intervention.
2. According to the Sepsis Alliance, how is sepsis defined?
Your body's extreme reaction to an infection
A serious condition in which the body responds improperly to an
infection
Blood poisoning
The body's overwhelming and life-threatening response to infection
that can lead to tissue damage, organ failure, and death.
3. A patient presents with symptoms of fever, increased heart rate, and elevated
white blood cell count. How should a healthcare provider respond if SIRS is
suspected?
Administer anti-inflammatory medication without further assessment.
, Schedule a follow-up appointment in a week without immediate
intervention.
Initiate further diagnostic tests and monitor the patient closely for
signs of infection.
Discharge the patient with reassurance of a mild infection.
4. Describe how antibiotics can affect the gastrointestinal system's defenses.
Antibiotics strengthen the immune response in the GI tract.
Antibiotics can alter bowel flora, which may compromise the
gastrointestinal defenses.
Antibiotics have no effect on gastrointestinal defenses.
Antibiotics only affect the respiratory system.
5. Which of the following is a sign or symptoms of septic shock?
Increased urine output
Warm, moist skin
Altered mental status
Hypertension
6. What is innate immunity?
The first line of defence against pathogens that is present in birth
and is not antigen specific
The body's ability to generate specific antibodies against pathogens
Immunity acquired through vaccination
Immunity that develops after exposure to a specific pathogen
,7. Acquired immunity refers to the type of specific immunity that
all of the choices
develops after exposure to a specific pathogen.
involves the participation of lymphocytes.
involves a memory aspect.
8. If a patient presents with a fever, tachycardia, and an elevated white blood
cell count, what should be the immediate clinical consideration regarding
SIRS?
The patient should be treated with antibiotics immediately without
further assessment.
The patient is experiencing a normal physiological response and does
not need any intervention.
The patient is likely suffering from a common cold and does not
require further evaluation.
The patient may be experiencing SIRS and should be evaluated for
potential underlying causes.
9. What is the function of the complement system?
engulfs and destroys pathogens through phagocytosis
improves the ability of phagocytic cells and antibodies to combat a
pathogen
generates an immunological memory after initial pathogen exposure
displays antigens bound by major histocompatibility complexes to T
cells
, 10. Describe how eosinophils contribute to the immune system's defense
mechanisms.
Eosinophils are recruited to tissues and help combat infections,
particularly those caused by parasites, similar to the function of
neutrophils.
Eosinophils are involved in the production of cytokines that suppress
inflammation.
Eosinophils are responsible for the direct destruction of all types of
pathogens.
Eosinophils primarily produce antibodies to neutralize pathogens.
11. In a scenario where inflammation is excessive, how might this impact the
healing process?
Excessive inflammation only affects the adaptive immune response.
Excessive inflammation accelerates the healing process by increasing
blood flow.
Excessive inflammation has no effect on the healing process.
Excessive inflammation can lead to tissue damage and hinder the
healing process.
12. In a scenario where a patient has a compromised immune system, how might
the function of macrophages be affected, and what implications could this
have for the patient's health?
The function of macrophages may be diminished, leading to
increased susceptibility to infections and impaired inflammatory
responses.
Macrophages would become hyperactive, causing excessive
inflammation.
