SLP PRAXIS EXAM 2026 UPDATE QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS ALREADY
GRADED A+ (BRAND NEW VISION)
What's a theory? - ANS-systematic body of information that explains why the event
occurs. states that x causes y
What's a hypothesis? - ANS-A proposed answer to a specific question. It's limited
to a specific scope. like there are behavioral theories of language learning, but
there may be a hypothesis that addresses language learning in children with
autism.
What is a null hypothesis? - ANS-null means zero. so a null hypothesis states that
two variables are not related.
What is an alternative hypothesis? - ANS-it states that two variables are indeed
related.
What is the correlational coefficient? - ANS-it measures the relationship between two
or more independent measures. 0 means no relationship. 1 means theres a
definite relationship.
What is the pretest-posttest control group design? - ANS-there are two groups.
experimental and control. participants are randomly selected and assigned to
groups.
What is the multi group pretest-posttest design? - ANS-when there are several
experimental groups to test several treatments
What are ABA and ABAB designs? - ANS-In the first phase (A), skills are measured
to establish a base rating
In the B phase, skills are taught
In the A phase (final), the condition is withdrawn
For the ABAB design, the fourth phase has another B, in which the treatment is
reinstated
,What is a multiple baseline design? - ANS-Several participants are taught one or
more behaviors sequentially to show that only the behaviors of treated
participants change
Select a target behavior to be taught to three or more participants
Base rase the target behaviors in all behaviors
Treat one participate and still base rate the others.
Treat the second participant and base rate the others
Continue
Classification variable is analogous to _________
Criterion variable is analogous to _____________ - ANS-independent
dependent
What is ex post facto research? - ANS-AKA retrospective research. They look at
independent variables that have occurred in the past. like looking at people who
have already developed lung cancer and going through their history to find that
they were all smokers.
What is survey research? - ANS-to identify prevalence of a phenomenon in an
environment by asking people as opposed to using direct observation
What is comparative research? - ANS-measuring the similarities and differences of
groups of people with defined characteristics
What is developmental research? - ANS-also called normative research. it measures
changes in subjects over time as they mature.
What is ethnographic research? - ANS-investigators immerse themselves in the
situation being studied to observe and describe naturally occurring phenomena.
What is internal validity? - ANS-the degree to which data in a study reflect a true
cause-effect relationship.
What is external validity? - ANS-the degree to which the investigator can extend or
generalize a study's results to other subjects and situations.
What is the hawthorne effect? - ANS-a study's results are affected by participant's
knowledge that they are taking part in an experience or being treated differently
than usual
,What is class 1 evidence? class 2? class 3? - ANS-class 1: evidence from
randomized group experimental design.
class 2: evidence that compares performance of subjects that are not randomly
selected or assigned to different groups.
class 3: based on expert opinion and case studies.
What are the levels of evidence? - ANS-level 1: expert advocacy
level 2: uncontrolled, unreplicated evidence. no control group
level 3: uncontrolled, directly replicated evidence. no control group, but
replicated by the research and got same results.
level 4: uncontrolled, systematically replicated evidence
level 5: controlled, unreplicated
level 6: controlled, directly replicated
level 7: controlled and systematically replicated
What are some common reactions and emotions related to diagnosis of a
communication disorder? - ANS-shock and disbelief, denial, anger, grief, guilt and
anxiety
What are some defense mechanisms that clients/family member may go through when
receiving a communication disorder diagnosis? - ANS-rationalization, reaction
formation (he tendency of a repressed wish or feeling to be expressed at a
conscious level in a contrasting form), displacement, projecting, repression,
suppression
What are the components of a soap note? - ANS-S: subjective
O: objective
A: assessment
P: plan
What is a cleft palate? - ANS-malformation resulting in an opening in the hard
palate, soft palate or both. failure of fusing
When do cleft palates occur? - ANS-during the embryonic period (7-10 weeks of
gestation)
What causes a cleft palate? - ANS-genetically: various syndromes (aperts,
sticklers, van der woudes)
environmentally: FAS, drugs, rubella
mechanically: intrauterine crowding, twinning, uterine tumor
What are the major different types of clefts? - ANS-cleft lip
cleft of alveolar process
cleft of prepalate
, cleft of palate
What is submucous cleft? - ANS-The cleft of the muscles and/or bone for the roof of
the mouth is covered by a mucous membrane, making it difficult to see the
presence of the cleft when looking in the mouth.
What are some communication disorders associated with clefts? - ANS-hearing loss
(conductive. due to otitis media or eustachian tube dysfucntion)
speech sound disorders: difficulty with unvoiced sounds, pressure consonants,
hyper nasal, distortion of vowels
language disorders: delayed language development, especially if it's a part of a
genetic syndrome
laryngeal disorders: nodules, edema of vocal folds, hoarseness, reduced
intensity, reduced pitch variations, strangled voice, resonance disorders
What's the prevalence of cleft palate? - ANS-most often to least
native american
japanese
chinese
caucasian
african american
How do you assess children with clefts? - ANS-For nasality, anything below .89 on oral
manometry is indicative of problems and hyper nasality
For speech, standardized tests. same with language
For phonatory disorders. visi-pitch
What is angelman's syndrome? - ANS-Chromosome 15
HAPPY, SEIZURES, hand-flapping, excitable personality
short attention span
What is aperts syndrome? - ANS-FGR2 at 10q25--26
varied toes and fingers fuse (syndactyly). head is unable to grow. sunken face. beaked
nose.
cleft palate, hyponasal, alveolar consonants due to thickened alveolar process
What is cri du chat syndrome? - ANS-absence of short arm of 5th chromosome
AND CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS ALREADY
GRADED A+ (BRAND NEW VISION)
What's a theory? - ANS-systematic body of information that explains why the event
occurs. states that x causes y
What's a hypothesis? - ANS-A proposed answer to a specific question. It's limited
to a specific scope. like there are behavioral theories of language learning, but
there may be a hypothesis that addresses language learning in children with
autism.
What is a null hypothesis? - ANS-null means zero. so a null hypothesis states that
two variables are not related.
What is an alternative hypothesis? - ANS-it states that two variables are indeed
related.
What is the correlational coefficient? - ANS-it measures the relationship between two
or more independent measures. 0 means no relationship. 1 means theres a
definite relationship.
What is the pretest-posttest control group design? - ANS-there are two groups.
experimental and control. participants are randomly selected and assigned to
groups.
What is the multi group pretest-posttest design? - ANS-when there are several
experimental groups to test several treatments
What are ABA and ABAB designs? - ANS-In the first phase (A), skills are measured
to establish a base rating
In the B phase, skills are taught
In the A phase (final), the condition is withdrawn
For the ABAB design, the fourth phase has another B, in which the treatment is
reinstated
,What is a multiple baseline design? - ANS-Several participants are taught one or
more behaviors sequentially to show that only the behaviors of treated
participants change
Select a target behavior to be taught to three or more participants
Base rase the target behaviors in all behaviors
Treat one participate and still base rate the others.
Treat the second participant and base rate the others
Continue
Classification variable is analogous to _________
Criterion variable is analogous to _____________ - ANS-independent
dependent
What is ex post facto research? - ANS-AKA retrospective research. They look at
independent variables that have occurred in the past. like looking at people who
have already developed lung cancer and going through their history to find that
they were all smokers.
What is survey research? - ANS-to identify prevalence of a phenomenon in an
environment by asking people as opposed to using direct observation
What is comparative research? - ANS-measuring the similarities and differences of
groups of people with defined characteristics
What is developmental research? - ANS-also called normative research. it measures
changes in subjects over time as they mature.
What is ethnographic research? - ANS-investigators immerse themselves in the
situation being studied to observe and describe naturally occurring phenomena.
What is internal validity? - ANS-the degree to which data in a study reflect a true
cause-effect relationship.
What is external validity? - ANS-the degree to which the investigator can extend or
generalize a study's results to other subjects and situations.
What is the hawthorne effect? - ANS-a study's results are affected by participant's
knowledge that they are taking part in an experience or being treated differently
than usual
,What is class 1 evidence? class 2? class 3? - ANS-class 1: evidence from
randomized group experimental design.
class 2: evidence that compares performance of subjects that are not randomly
selected or assigned to different groups.
class 3: based on expert opinion and case studies.
What are the levels of evidence? - ANS-level 1: expert advocacy
level 2: uncontrolled, unreplicated evidence. no control group
level 3: uncontrolled, directly replicated evidence. no control group, but
replicated by the research and got same results.
level 4: uncontrolled, systematically replicated evidence
level 5: controlled, unreplicated
level 6: controlled, directly replicated
level 7: controlled and systematically replicated
What are some common reactions and emotions related to diagnosis of a
communication disorder? - ANS-shock and disbelief, denial, anger, grief, guilt and
anxiety
What are some defense mechanisms that clients/family member may go through when
receiving a communication disorder diagnosis? - ANS-rationalization, reaction
formation (he tendency of a repressed wish or feeling to be expressed at a
conscious level in a contrasting form), displacement, projecting, repression,
suppression
What are the components of a soap note? - ANS-S: subjective
O: objective
A: assessment
P: plan
What is a cleft palate? - ANS-malformation resulting in an opening in the hard
palate, soft palate or both. failure of fusing
When do cleft palates occur? - ANS-during the embryonic period (7-10 weeks of
gestation)
What causes a cleft palate? - ANS-genetically: various syndromes (aperts,
sticklers, van der woudes)
environmentally: FAS, drugs, rubella
mechanically: intrauterine crowding, twinning, uterine tumor
What are the major different types of clefts? - ANS-cleft lip
cleft of alveolar process
cleft of prepalate
, cleft of palate
What is submucous cleft? - ANS-The cleft of the muscles and/or bone for the roof of
the mouth is covered by a mucous membrane, making it difficult to see the
presence of the cleft when looking in the mouth.
What are some communication disorders associated with clefts? - ANS-hearing loss
(conductive. due to otitis media or eustachian tube dysfucntion)
speech sound disorders: difficulty with unvoiced sounds, pressure consonants,
hyper nasal, distortion of vowels
language disorders: delayed language development, especially if it's a part of a
genetic syndrome
laryngeal disorders: nodules, edema of vocal folds, hoarseness, reduced
intensity, reduced pitch variations, strangled voice, resonance disorders
What's the prevalence of cleft palate? - ANS-most often to least
native american
japanese
chinese
caucasian
african american
How do you assess children with clefts? - ANS-For nasality, anything below .89 on oral
manometry is indicative of problems and hyper nasality
For speech, standardized tests. same with language
For phonatory disorders. visi-pitch
What is angelman's syndrome? - ANS-Chromosome 15
HAPPY, SEIZURES, hand-flapping, excitable personality
short attention span
What is aperts syndrome? - ANS-FGR2 at 10q25--26
varied toes and fingers fuse (syndactyly). head is unable to grow. sunken face. beaked
nose.
cleft palate, hyponasal, alveolar consonants due to thickened alveolar process
What is cri du chat syndrome? - ANS-absence of short arm of 5th chromosome
