NUR 138 Final Exam (PDF) | Latest 2026/27
Practice Questions & Study Guide Graded A+
Guaranteed Pass
1. Explain why vitamin C is recommended alongside iron-rich foods for patients
.. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
with iron deficiency anemia.
.. . . .
. . Vitamin C helps to reduce inflammation. .. .. .. .. ..
. . Vitamin C enhances the absorption of iron in the body.
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
. . Vitamin C provides additional energy for patients.
.. .. .. .. .. ..
. . Vitamin C is necessary for the production of red blood cells.
.. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. ..
2. Explain why monitoring surgical sites is crucial in postoperative care.
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
. . It helps in determining the patient's eligibility for discharge.
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .
.. It allows for early detection of complications such as infection and
. . . . . . . . . .
.. promotes effective healing. .. ..
. . It is primarily for documenting the patient's pain levels.
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
. . It ensures that the patient adheres to their medication schedule.
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
3. Which of the following are considered to be signs of a heart attack?
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
. . Shortness of breath, pain in the arm, pain in the jaw, and chest pain
. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
. . Shortness of breath, pain in the legs, pain in the jaw, and chest
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
.. pain
Shortness of breath, pain in the arm, pain in the abdomen, and
. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
.. chest pain ..
Shortness of breath, pain in the legs, pain in the abdomen, and pain
. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
when swallowing
.. ..
,4. Why is it important to use brief and simple communication when interacting
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
with a client in crisis?
.. .. .. .. ..
. . It allows the nurse to maintain control of the conversation.
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
. . It helps the client process information more effectively.
.. .. .. .. .. .. ..
. . It minimizes the need for follow-up questions.
.. .. .. .. .. ..
It ensures that the nurse can convey all necessary information at
. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
.. once.
5. A patient with Ulcerative Colitis presents with severe diarrhea and weight
. . . . . . .. . . ..
loss. As a nursing intervention, which of the following actions would be most
.. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
appropriate to address the patient's nutritional deficits?
.. .. .. .. .. .. .
. . Encourage the patient to consume high-fiber foods .. .. .. .. .. ..
. . Administer intravenous fluids and electrolytes .. .. .. ..
. . Suggest a diet high in dairy products .. .. .. .. .. ..
. . Limit the patient's fluid intake to reduce diarrhea
.. .. .. .. .. .. ..
6. A patient is experiencing a generalized tonic-clonic seizure. After the seizure,
. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . ..
what should the nurse do to ensure the patient's safety and airway
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
management?
..
Place the patient in a supine position and monitor their
. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
.. breathing.
Immediately administer oxygen and place the patient in a sitting
. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
.. position.
. . Turn the patient onto their side and assess their responsiveness.
.. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .
. . Keep the patient in a prone position to prevent further seizures.
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
7. Explain how patent ductus arteriosus can lead to increased blood flow to the
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
lungs.
..
, . . It allows oxygen-rich blood to flow back into the heart.
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
.. It creates a shunt that directs blood from the aorta to the pulmonary
. . . . . . . . . . . .
artery.
..
. . It prevents blood from reaching the systemic circulation.
.. .. .. .. .. .. ..
. . It causes the heart to pump less efficiently.
.. .. .. .. .. .. ..
8. Explain how Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) can alter the interactions
.. .. . .. .. .. . ..
within a family unit.
.. . . .
. . OCD creates a more harmonious family environment.
.. .. .. .. .. ..
.. OCD can lead to misunderstandings and increased tension among
.. .. . .. .. .. .. ..
.. family members. ..
. . OCD encourages family members to spend more time together.
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
. . OCD has no impact on family interactions.
.. .. .. .. .. ..
9. What is one of the key potential consequences of renal impairment
.. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. ..
in patients?
.. ..
. . Increased blood pressure .. ..
. . Potential for kidney damage .. .. ..
.. Dehydration
. . Electrolyte imbalance ..
10. A75-year-old patient with a history of hypertension and chronic kidney
. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. ..
disease is prescribed NSAIDs for arthritis pain. What nursing intervention
.. . . . . . . . . ..
should be prioritized to prevent complications?
.. . . . . .
. . Monitor the patient's blood glucose levels regularly.
.. .. .. .. .. ..
. . Educate the patient on the importance of hydration.
.. .. .. .. .. .. ..
, . . Advise the patient to increase physical activity.
.. .. .. .. .. ..
Schedule regular follow-up appointments for mental health
. . .. . .. .. .. ..
assessments.
..
11. Which of the following is a nursing intervention aimed at preventing
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
infection?
..
.. .. Administering antibiotics without a prescription .. .. .. ..
. . Educating patients on proper hygiene practices.. .. .. .. ..
. . Encouraging patients to avoid vaccinations .. .. .. ..
. . Monitoring vital signs only when symptoms appear .. .. .. .. .. ..
12. What is the heart rate threshold that indicates a systemic reaction
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
to inflammation?
.. ..
. . Pulse > 70 bpm .. .. ..
. . Pulse > 80 bpm .. .. ..
. . Pulse > 90 bpm .. .. ..
. . Pulse > 100 bpm.. .. ..
13. Explain how artificially acquired passive immunity differs from naturally
.. .. . .. .. . .. ..
acquired immunity.
.. .
. . Artificially acquired immunity is permanent, while naturally acquired
. .. .. .. .. .. .
.. immunity is temporary. . .
Artificially acquired immunity involves the introduction of
. . .. .. .. .. .. ..
antibodies, whereas naturally acquired immunity develops through
.. . . .. . ..
infection.
..
Artificially acquired immunity is only effective against viruses, while
. . . .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
.. naturally acquired immunity is effective against bacteria.
. .. .. .. .. ..
Practice Questions & Study Guide Graded A+
Guaranteed Pass
1. Explain why vitamin C is recommended alongside iron-rich foods for patients
.. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
with iron deficiency anemia.
.. . . .
. . Vitamin C helps to reduce inflammation. .. .. .. .. ..
. . Vitamin C enhances the absorption of iron in the body.
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
. . Vitamin C provides additional energy for patients.
.. .. .. .. .. ..
. . Vitamin C is necessary for the production of red blood cells.
.. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. ..
2. Explain why monitoring surgical sites is crucial in postoperative care.
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
. . It helps in determining the patient's eligibility for discharge.
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .
.. It allows for early detection of complications such as infection and
. . . . . . . . . .
.. promotes effective healing. .. ..
. . It is primarily for documenting the patient's pain levels.
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
. . It ensures that the patient adheres to their medication schedule.
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
3. Which of the following are considered to be signs of a heart attack?
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
. . Shortness of breath, pain in the arm, pain in the jaw, and chest pain
. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
. . Shortness of breath, pain in the legs, pain in the jaw, and chest
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
.. pain
Shortness of breath, pain in the arm, pain in the abdomen, and
. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
.. chest pain ..
Shortness of breath, pain in the legs, pain in the abdomen, and pain
. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
when swallowing
.. ..
,4. Why is it important to use brief and simple communication when interacting
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
with a client in crisis?
.. .. .. .. ..
. . It allows the nurse to maintain control of the conversation.
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
. . It helps the client process information more effectively.
.. .. .. .. .. .. ..
. . It minimizes the need for follow-up questions.
.. .. .. .. .. ..
It ensures that the nurse can convey all necessary information at
. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
.. once.
5. A patient with Ulcerative Colitis presents with severe diarrhea and weight
. . . . . . .. . . ..
loss. As a nursing intervention, which of the following actions would be most
.. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
appropriate to address the patient's nutritional deficits?
.. .. .. .. .. .. .
. . Encourage the patient to consume high-fiber foods .. .. .. .. .. ..
. . Administer intravenous fluids and electrolytes .. .. .. ..
. . Suggest a diet high in dairy products .. .. .. .. .. ..
. . Limit the patient's fluid intake to reduce diarrhea
.. .. .. .. .. .. ..
6. A patient is experiencing a generalized tonic-clonic seizure. After the seizure,
. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . ..
what should the nurse do to ensure the patient's safety and airway
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
management?
..
Place the patient in a supine position and monitor their
. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
.. breathing.
Immediately administer oxygen and place the patient in a sitting
. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
.. position.
. . Turn the patient onto their side and assess their responsiveness.
.. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .
. . Keep the patient in a prone position to prevent further seizures.
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
7. Explain how patent ductus arteriosus can lead to increased blood flow to the
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
lungs.
..
, . . It allows oxygen-rich blood to flow back into the heart.
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
.. It creates a shunt that directs blood from the aorta to the pulmonary
. . . . . . . . . . . .
artery.
..
. . It prevents blood from reaching the systemic circulation.
.. .. .. .. .. .. ..
. . It causes the heart to pump less efficiently.
.. .. .. .. .. .. ..
8. Explain how Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) can alter the interactions
.. .. . .. .. .. . ..
within a family unit.
.. . . .
. . OCD creates a more harmonious family environment.
.. .. .. .. .. ..
.. OCD can lead to misunderstandings and increased tension among
.. .. . .. .. .. .. ..
.. family members. ..
. . OCD encourages family members to spend more time together.
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
. . OCD has no impact on family interactions.
.. .. .. .. .. ..
9. What is one of the key potential consequences of renal impairment
.. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. ..
in patients?
.. ..
. . Increased blood pressure .. ..
. . Potential for kidney damage .. .. ..
.. Dehydration
. . Electrolyte imbalance ..
10. A75-year-old patient with a history of hypertension and chronic kidney
. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. ..
disease is prescribed NSAIDs for arthritis pain. What nursing intervention
.. . . . . . . . . ..
should be prioritized to prevent complications?
.. . . . . .
. . Monitor the patient's blood glucose levels regularly.
.. .. .. .. .. ..
. . Educate the patient on the importance of hydration.
.. .. .. .. .. .. ..
, . . Advise the patient to increase physical activity.
.. .. .. .. .. ..
Schedule regular follow-up appointments for mental health
. . .. . .. .. .. ..
assessments.
..
11. Which of the following is a nursing intervention aimed at preventing
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
infection?
..
.. .. Administering antibiotics without a prescription .. .. .. ..
. . Educating patients on proper hygiene practices.. .. .. .. ..
. . Encouraging patients to avoid vaccinations .. .. .. ..
. . Monitoring vital signs only when symptoms appear .. .. .. .. .. ..
12. What is the heart rate threshold that indicates a systemic reaction
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
to inflammation?
.. ..
. . Pulse > 70 bpm .. .. ..
. . Pulse > 80 bpm .. .. ..
. . Pulse > 90 bpm .. .. ..
. . Pulse > 100 bpm.. .. ..
13. Explain how artificially acquired passive immunity differs from naturally
.. .. . .. .. . .. ..
acquired immunity.
.. .
. . Artificially acquired immunity is permanent, while naturally acquired
. .. .. .. .. .. .
.. immunity is temporary. . .
Artificially acquired immunity involves the introduction of
. . .. .. .. .. .. ..
antibodies, whereas naturally acquired immunity develops through
.. . . .. . ..
infection.
..
Artificially acquired immunity is only effective against viruses, while
. . . .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
.. naturally acquired immunity is effective against bacteria.
. .. .. .. .. ..
