NSG 448 Exam 4 V2 | NSG 448 Evidence-
Based Project Capstone | Actual Q&A with
Rationale (NSG448 Exam 4) | Grand
Canyon University
1. When implementing an Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) project, which steps are included in
the EBP process according to the Melnyk and Fineout-Overholt framework? (Select all that
apply)
A. Cultivating a spirit of inquiry
B. Asking the clinical question in PICOT format
C. Searching for the best evidence
D. Critically appraising the evidence
E. Integrating evidence with clinical expertise and patient preferences
F. Evaluating the outcomes of the practice change
Correct Answer: A, B, C, D, E, F
Explanation: The EBP process involves a sequence of seven steps starting from step zero,
which is cultivating a spirit of inquiry. These steps ensure that clinical decisions are
grounded in the highest quality research and adapted to individual patient needs.
Following this systematic approach helps clinicians transition from traditional practices to
evidence-based ones.
,2. In the PICOT format for developing a clinical question, what does the ‘C’ represent?
A. Comparison intervention
B. Clinical setting
C. Context of care
D. Case study design
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: The ‘C’ in PICOT stands for the comparison intervention or the standard of
care. This element is used to compare the experimental intervention against current
practice to determine efficacy. Without a clear comparison, it is difficult to measure the
true impact of the proposed change.
3. A nurse is utilizing the ACE Star Model of Knowledge Transformation. Which stage involves
the systematic review of research to provide a single statement of the state of the science?
A. Discovery
B. Evidence Summary
C. Translation
D. Integration
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: The Evidence Summary stage is where multiple research studies are
synthesized into a single cohesive summary. This process reduces large volumes of
, information into a manageable form for clinical application. It is the critical link between
raw research and clinical practice guidelines.
4. The Iowa Model Revised identifies ‘triggers’ for EBP. Which of the following is considered a
problem-focused trigger?
A. An increase in patient fall rates on a specific unit
B. A change in national standards of care
C. New research findings reported at a conference
D. Availability of new medical technology
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Problem-focused triggers are identified through clinical data such as
increased infection rates or patient falls. These triggers represent a specific issue within the
organization that requires an evidence-based solution. In contrast, knowledge-focused
triggers arise from external innovations or new research.
5. Which level of evidence is considered the ‘gold standard’ in the hierarchy of evidence for
intervention questions?
A. Systematic reviews or meta-analyses of RCTs
B. Expert opinion and consensus reports
C. Case-control studies
D. Single descriptive or qualitative studies
Based Project Capstone | Actual Q&A with
Rationale (NSG448 Exam 4) | Grand
Canyon University
1. When implementing an Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) project, which steps are included in
the EBP process according to the Melnyk and Fineout-Overholt framework? (Select all that
apply)
A. Cultivating a spirit of inquiry
B. Asking the clinical question in PICOT format
C. Searching for the best evidence
D. Critically appraising the evidence
E. Integrating evidence with clinical expertise and patient preferences
F. Evaluating the outcomes of the practice change
Correct Answer: A, B, C, D, E, F
Explanation: The EBP process involves a sequence of seven steps starting from step zero,
which is cultivating a spirit of inquiry. These steps ensure that clinical decisions are
grounded in the highest quality research and adapted to individual patient needs.
Following this systematic approach helps clinicians transition from traditional practices to
evidence-based ones.
,2. In the PICOT format for developing a clinical question, what does the ‘C’ represent?
A. Comparison intervention
B. Clinical setting
C. Context of care
D. Case study design
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: The ‘C’ in PICOT stands for the comparison intervention or the standard of
care. This element is used to compare the experimental intervention against current
practice to determine efficacy. Without a clear comparison, it is difficult to measure the
true impact of the proposed change.
3. A nurse is utilizing the ACE Star Model of Knowledge Transformation. Which stage involves
the systematic review of research to provide a single statement of the state of the science?
A. Discovery
B. Evidence Summary
C. Translation
D. Integration
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: The Evidence Summary stage is where multiple research studies are
synthesized into a single cohesive summary. This process reduces large volumes of
, information into a manageable form for clinical application. It is the critical link between
raw research and clinical practice guidelines.
4. The Iowa Model Revised identifies ‘triggers’ for EBP. Which of the following is considered a
problem-focused trigger?
A. An increase in patient fall rates on a specific unit
B. A change in national standards of care
C. New research findings reported at a conference
D. Availability of new medical technology
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Problem-focused triggers are identified through clinical data such as
increased infection rates or patient falls. These triggers represent a specific issue within the
organization that requires an evidence-based solution. In contrast, knowledge-focused
triggers arise from external innovations or new research.
5. Which level of evidence is considered the ‘gold standard’ in the hierarchy of evidence for
intervention questions?
A. Systematic reviews or meta-analyses of RCTs
B. Expert opinion and consensus reports
C. Case-control studies
D. Single descriptive or qualitative studies
