NSG 448 Final Exam V3 | NSG 448
Evidence-Based Project Capstone | Actual
Q&A with Rationale (NSG448 Final Exam) |
Grand Canyon University
1. In the PICOT format for developing a clinical research question, what does the ‘I’
specifically represent?
A. Implementation of the study
B. Institutional Review Board
C. Information gathering
D. Intervention or Interest area
Correct Answer: D
Explanation: The ‘I’ in PICOT stands for the intervention or the area of interest being
studied. It is essential for defining what action or treatment will be applied to the
population. Identifying this clearly helps in focusing the literature search and the eventual
research methodology.
2. Which of the following are considered levels of evidence in the traditional hierarchy of
evidence? (Select all that apply)
A. Systematic reviews and Meta-analyses
B. Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs)
,C. Case-controlled studies
D. Expert opinions
E. Personal anecdotes from clinical staff
Correct Answer: A, B, C, D
Explanation: The hierarchy of evidence prioritizes systematic reviews and RCTs as the
highest levels of evidence due to their rigorous design. Case-controlled studies fall lower on
the pyramid but are still recognized levels. Expert opinions represent the lowest level of
formal evidence, whereas personal anecdotes are not considered a valid level in the formal
hierarchy.
3. What is the primary role of the Institutional Review Board (IRB) in the evidence-based
project process?
A. To fund the research project
B. To protect the rights and welfare of human subjects
C. To publish the results in a peer-reviewed journal
D. To determine the clinical significance of the findings
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: The IRB is a committee that reviews research to ensure it is ethical and that
human subjects are protected. They examine informed consent processes and risk-to-
, benefit ratios. No research involving human participants should proceed without their
oversight and approval.
4. Which of the following factors are recognized as common barriers to the implementation
of Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) in clinical settings? (Select all that apply)
A. Lack of time among clinical staff
B. Inadequate access to electronic databases
C. Resistance to change within organizational culture
D. Lack of knowledge regarding the EBP process
E. Full support from administrative leadership
F. Minimal financial resources for training
Correct Answer: A, B, C, D, F
Explanation: Barriers to EBP often include organizational factors like culture and lack of
resources, alongside individual factors such as time constraints and knowledge deficits.
Administrative support is actually a facilitator of EBP, not a barrier. Addressing these
hurdles is a critical step in the capstone project implementation phase.
5. When conducting a literature search, which Boolean operator is used to narrow the results
to include only articles containing all specified terms?
A. OR
B. NOT
Evidence-Based Project Capstone | Actual
Q&A with Rationale (NSG448 Final Exam) |
Grand Canyon University
1. In the PICOT format for developing a clinical research question, what does the ‘I’
specifically represent?
A. Implementation of the study
B. Institutional Review Board
C. Information gathering
D. Intervention or Interest area
Correct Answer: D
Explanation: The ‘I’ in PICOT stands for the intervention or the area of interest being
studied. It is essential for defining what action or treatment will be applied to the
population. Identifying this clearly helps in focusing the literature search and the eventual
research methodology.
2. Which of the following are considered levels of evidence in the traditional hierarchy of
evidence? (Select all that apply)
A. Systematic reviews and Meta-analyses
B. Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs)
,C. Case-controlled studies
D. Expert opinions
E. Personal anecdotes from clinical staff
Correct Answer: A, B, C, D
Explanation: The hierarchy of evidence prioritizes systematic reviews and RCTs as the
highest levels of evidence due to their rigorous design. Case-controlled studies fall lower on
the pyramid but are still recognized levels. Expert opinions represent the lowest level of
formal evidence, whereas personal anecdotes are not considered a valid level in the formal
hierarchy.
3. What is the primary role of the Institutional Review Board (IRB) in the evidence-based
project process?
A. To fund the research project
B. To protect the rights and welfare of human subjects
C. To publish the results in a peer-reviewed journal
D. To determine the clinical significance of the findings
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: The IRB is a committee that reviews research to ensure it is ethical and that
human subjects are protected. They examine informed consent processes and risk-to-
, benefit ratios. No research involving human participants should proceed without their
oversight and approval.
4. Which of the following factors are recognized as common barriers to the implementation
of Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) in clinical settings? (Select all that apply)
A. Lack of time among clinical staff
B. Inadequate access to electronic databases
C. Resistance to change within organizational culture
D. Lack of knowledge regarding the EBP process
E. Full support from administrative leadership
F. Minimal financial resources for training
Correct Answer: A, B, C, D, F
Explanation: Barriers to EBP often include organizational factors like culture and lack of
resources, alongside individual factors such as time constraints and knowledge deficits.
Administrative support is actually a facilitator of EBP, not a barrier. Addressing these
hurdles is a critical step in the capstone project implementation phase.
5. When conducting a literature search, which Boolean operator is used to narrow the results
to include only articles containing all specified terms?
A. OR
B. NOT
