NSG 448 Final Exam V2 | NSG 448
Evidence-Based Project Capstone | Actual
Q&A with Rationale (NSG448 Final Exam) |
Grand Canyon University
1. Which of the following elements are components of a properly formatted PICOT question?
(Select All That Apply)
A. Patient population
B. Intervention of interest
C. Comparison intervention
D. Outcome
E. Timeframe
F. Financial cost
Correct Answer: A,B,C,D,E
Explanation: The PICOT acronym stands for Patient/population, Intervention,
Comparison, Outcome, and Time. Financial cost is not a standard component of the PICOT
clinical question format although it may be considered during implementation. Using this
structured approach helps clinicians focus their literature search to find the best evidence
available.
,2. In the hierarchy of evidence, which of the following is considered the gold standard for
testing the effectiveness of an intervention?
A. Systematic reviews of Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs)
B. Case-control studies
C. Expert opinion
D. Qualitative descriptive studies
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Systematic reviews of Randomized Controlled Trials are positioned at the top
of the evidence hierarchy because they synthesize findings from multiple high-quality
studies. This level of evidence provides the strongest basis for making clinical practice
changes. Other levels like case-control or expert opinion provide less control over variables
and a higher risk of bias.
3. A nurse researcher is studying the ‘lived experience’ of patients undergoing chemotherapy.
Which research design is most appropriate?
A. Grounded Theory
B. Phenomenology
C. Quasi-experimental
D. Correlational
Correct Answer: B
, Explanation: Phenomenology is a qualitative research approach that focuses on the lived
experience of individuals regarding a specific phenomenon. It seeks to understand the
essence of the human experience through in-depth interviews. Quantitative designs like
quasi-experimental or correlational are not suitable for exploring subjective experiences.
4. Which ethical principles were established by the Belmont Report to protect human
subjects? (Select All That Apply)
A. Respect for persons
B. Beneficence
C. Justice
D. Autonomy
E. Veracity
Correct Answer: A,B,C
Explanation: The Belmont Report identifies three core ethical principles: respect for
persons, beneficence, and justice. While autonomy and veracity are important ethical
concepts in nursing, they are not the three primary pillars specifically named in the
Belmont Report for research. These principles ensure that participants are treated fairly,
their well-being is maximized, and their right to choose is protected.
5. What is the primary purpose of an Institutional Review Board (IRB)?
A. To ensure the study has statistical power
B. To protect the rights and welfare of human research participants
Evidence-Based Project Capstone | Actual
Q&A with Rationale (NSG448 Final Exam) |
Grand Canyon University
1. Which of the following elements are components of a properly formatted PICOT question?
(Select All That Apply)
A. Patient population
B. Intervention of interest
C. Comparison intervention
D. Outcome
E. Timeframe
F. Financial cost
Correct Answer: A,B,C,D,E
Explanation: The PICOT acronym stands for Patient/population, Intervention,
Comparison, Outcome, and Time. Financial cost is not a standard component of the PICOT
clinical question format although it may be considered during implementation. Using this
structured approach helps clinicians focus their literature search to find the best evidence
available.
,2. In the hierarchy of evidence, which of the following is considered the gold standard for
testing the effectiveness of an intervention?
A. Systematic reviews of Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs)
B. Case-control studies
C. Expert opinion
D. Qualitative descriptive studies
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Systematic reviews of Randomized Controlled Trials are positioned at the top
of the evidence hierarchy because they synthesize findings from multiple high-quality
studies. This level of evidence provides the strongest basis for making clinical practice
changes. Other levels like case-control or expert opinion provide less control over variables
and a higher risk of bias.
3. A nurse researcher is studying the ‘lived experience’ of patients undergoing chemotherapy.
Which research design is most appropriate?
A. Grounded Theory
B. Phenomenology
C. Quasi-experimental
D. Correlational
Correct Answer: B
, Explanation: Phenomenology is a qualitative research approach that focuses on the lived
experience of individuals regarding a specific phenomenon. It seeks to understand the
essence of the human experience through in-depth interviews. Quantitative designs like
quasi-experimental or correlational are not suitable for exploring subjective experiences.
4. Which ethical principles were established by the Belmont Report to protect human
subjects? (Select All That Apply)
A. Respect for persons
B. Beneficence
C. Justice
D. Autonomy
E. Veracity
Correct Answer: A,B,C
Explanation: The Belmont Report identifies three core ethical principles: respect for
persons, beneficence, and justice. While autonomy and veracity are important ethical
concepts in nursing, they are not the three primary pillars specifically named in the
Belmont Report for research. These principles ensure that participants are treated fairly,
their well-being is maximized, and their right to choose is protected.
5. What is the primary purpose of an Institutional Review Board (IRB)?
A. To ensure the study has statistical power
B. To protect the rights and welfare of human research participants
