NSG 448 Exam 2 V2 | NSG 448 Evidence-
Based Project Capstone | Actual Q&A with
Rationale (NSG448 Exam 2) | Grand
Canyon University
1. A nurse researcher is developing a clinical question using the PICOT format. Which of the
following are considered essential components of a PICOT question? (Select All That Apply)
A. Population of interest
B. Intervention or area of interest
C. Comparison intervention or group
D. Outcome of interest
E. Time frame for the intervention
F. Financial budget for the project
Correct Answer: A, B, C, D, E
Explanation: The PICOT format is a standard method for framing clinical research
questions to ensure all necessary variables are addressed. P stands for Population, I for
Intervention, C for Comparison, O for Outcome, and T for Time. While budget is important
for project management, it is not a formal component of the PICOT mnemonic used to guide
evidence retrieval.
,2. When searching for the highest level of evidence to support a clinical change, which type of
study should the nurse prioritize?
A. Case-control studies
B. Quasi-experimental studies
C. Systematic reviews or meta-analyses of RCTs
D. Expert opinion and consensus reports
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: In the hierarchy of evidence, systematic reviews and meta-analyses of all
relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are considered Level I evidence. These
studies provide the most rigorous and reliable data for clinical decision-making due to their
comprehensive nature. Lower levels of evidence include case-control studies and expert
opinions, which carry a higher risk of bias.
3. The Belmont Report identifies three basic ethical principles for research involving human
subjects. Which principle involves the obligation to do no harm and maximize possible
benefits?
A. Justice
B. Autonomy
C. Fidelity
D. Beneficence
, Correct Answer: D
Explanation: Beneficence is the ethical principle that guides researchers to protect
participants from harm and ensure their well-being. It requires a careful assessment of
risks and benefits to ensure the study is ethically sound. The other principles include
Respect for Persons (Autonomy) and Justice (fairness in distribution).
4. A nurse is reviewing a study that uses a qualitative approach. What is the primary goal of
qualitative research in nursing?
A. To test hypotheses using statistical analysis
B. To determine cause-and-effect relationships
C. To explore and understand the human experience
D. To generalize findings to a large population
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Qualitative research focuses on understanding phenomena through the
perspectives and experiences of the participants. It uses methods like interviews and
observations rather than numerical data and statistical tests. This approach is essential for
gaining deep insights into patient behaviors, feelings, and cultural contexts.
5. Which of the following describes the purpose of an Institutional Review Board (IRB)?
A. To fund research projects within the university
B. To ensure the protection of the rights and welfare of human subjects
Based Project Capstone | Actual Q&A with
Rationale (NSG448 Exam 2) | Grand
Canyon University
1. A nurse researcher is developing a clinical question using the PICOT format. Which of the
following are considered essential components of a PICOT question? (Select All That Apply)
A. Population of interest
B. Intervention or area of interest
C. Comparison intervention or group
D. Outcome of interest
E. Time frame for the intervention
F. Financial budget for the project
Correct Answer: A, B, C, D, E
Explanation: The PICOT format is a standard method for framing clinical research
questions to ensure all necessary variables are addressed. P stands for Population, I for
Intervention, C for Comparison, O for Outcome, and T for Time. While budget is important
for project management, it is not a formal component of the PICOT mnemonic used to guide
evidence retrieval.
,2. When searching for the highest level of evidence to support a clinical change, which type of
study should the nurse prioritize?
A. Case-control studies
B. Quasi-experimental studies
C. Systematic reviews or meta-analyses of RCTs
D. Expert opinion and consensus reports
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: In the hierarchy of evidence, systematic reviews and meta-analyses of all
relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are considered Level I evidence. These
studies provide the most rigorous and reliable data for clinical decision-making due to their
comprehensive nature. Lower levels of evidence include case-control studies and expert
opinions, which carry a higher risk of bias.
3. The Belmont Report identifies three basic ethical principles for research involving human
subjects. Which principle involves the obligation to do no harm and maximize possible
benefits?
A. Justice
B. Autonomy
C. Fidelity
D. Beneficence
, Correct Answer: D
Explanation: Beneficence is the ethical principle that guides researchers to protect
participants from harm and ensure their well-being. It requires a careful assessment of
risks and benefits to ensure the study is ethically sound. The other principles include
Respect for Persons (Autonomy) and Justice (fairness in distribution).
4. A nurse is reviewing a study that uses a qualitative approach. What is the primary goal of
qualitative research in nursing?
A. To test hypotheses using statistical analysis
B. To determine cause-and-effect relationships
C. To explore and understand the human experience
D. To generalize findings to a large population
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Qualitative research focuses on understanding phenomena through the
perspectives and experiences of the participants. It uses methods like interviews and
observations rather than numerical data and statistical tests. This approach is essential for
gaining deep insights into patient behaviors, feelings, and cultural contexts.
5. Which of the following describes the purpose of an Institutional Review Board (IRB)?
A. To fund research projects within the university
B. To ensure the protection of the rights and welfare of human subjects
