1|Page
UNR BIOL 315 Exam 2026-2027 BANK QUESTIONS WITH
DETAILED VERIFIED ANSWERS EXAM QUESTIONS WILL
COME FROM HERE (100% Latest Already Graded A+
Question 1
Which of the following best defines the central dogma of molecular
biology?
A) DNA replicates independently of RNA.
B) Genetic information flows from DNA to RNA to protein.
C) Proteins are directly synthesized from DNA without RNA
intermediates.
D) RNA serves as the template for DNA synthesis.
Answer: B
Explanation: The central dogma describes the directional flow of genetic
information within a biological system: DNA is transcribed into RNA,
and RNA is translated into protein. This framework is fundamental to
understanding gene expression and heredity.
Question 2
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The process by which an RNA molecule is synthesized from a DNA
template is called:
A) Replication
B) Translation
C) Transcription
D) Transformation
Answer: C
Explanation: Transcription is the enzymatic process where RNA
polymerase reads a DNA template strand and synthesizes a
complementary RNA molecule. Replication duplicates DNA, while
translation builds proteins from mRNA.
Question 3
Which enzyme is primarily responsible for the synthesis of RNA during
transcription?
A) DNA polymerase
B) RNA polymerase
C) Helicase
D) Ligase
Answer: B
Explanation: RNA polymerase catalyzes the formation of
phosphodiester bonds between ribonucleotides, using a DNA strand as a
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template. DNA polymerase is involved in DNA replication, not
transcription.
Question 4
In eukaryotic cells, where does transcription take place?
A) Cytoplasm
B) Nucleus
C) Mitochondria
D) Ribosome
Answer: B
Explanation: Eukaryotic transcription occurs in the nucleus, where
genomic DNA is housed. This compartmentalization allows for
processing events such as splicing before mRNA is exported to the
cytoplasm for translation.
Question 5
Which of the following is the start codon in mRNA?
A) UAA
B) UAG
C) AUG
D) UGA
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Answer: C
Explanation: AUG encodes methionine and serves as the initiation signal
for translation in most organisms. The other codons listed are stop
codons, which terminate protein synthesis.
Question 6
The three-nucleotide sequence on tRNA that pairs with an mRNA codon
is called the:
A) Exon
B) Intron
C) Anticodon
D) Promoter
Answer: C
Explanation: The anticodon is a trinucleotide region of tRNA that is
complementary to the corresponding mRNA codon, ensuring proper
amino acid incorporation during translation.
Question 7
Alternative splicing allows a single gene to produce:
A) Multiple proteins
B) Multiple DNA strands
C) No protein
UNR BIOL 315 Exam 2026-2027 BANK QUESTIONS WITH
DETAILED VERIFIED ANSWERS EXAM QUESTIONS WILL
COME FROM HERE (100% Latest Already Graded A+
Question 1
Which of the following best defines the central dogma of molecular
biology?
A) DNA replicates independently of RNA.
B) Genetic information flows from DNA to RNA to protein.
C) Proteins are directly synthesized from DNA without RNA
intermediates.
D) RNA serves as the template for DNA synthesis.
Answer: B
Explanation: The central dogma describes the directional flow of genetic
information within a biological system: DNA is transcribed into RNA,
and RNA is translated into protein. This framework is fundamental to
understanding gene expression and heredity.
Question 2
,2|Page
The process by which an RNA molecule is synthesized from a DNA
template is called:
A) Replication
B) Translation
C) Transcription
D) Transformation
Answer: C
Explanation: Transcription is the enzymatic process where RNA
polymerase reads a DNA template strand and synthesizes a
complementary RNA molecule. Replication duplicates DNA, while
translation builds proteins from mRNA.
Question 3
Which enzyme is primarily responsible for the synthesis of RNA during
transcription?
A) DNA polymerase
B) RNA polymerase
C) Helicase
D) Ligase
Answer: B
Explanation: RNA polymerase catalyzes the formation of
phosphodiester bonds between ribonucleotides, using a DNA strand as a
,3|Page
template. DNA polymerase is involved in DNA replication, not
transcription.
Question 4
In eukaryotic cells, where does transcription take place?
A) Cytoplasm
B) Nucleus
C) Mitochondria
D) Ribosome
Answer: B
Explanation: Eukaryotic transcription occurs in the nucleus, where
genomic DNA is housed. This compartmentalization allows for
processing events such as splicing before mRNA is exported to the
cytoplasm for translation.
Question 5
Which of the following is the start codon in mRNA?
A) UAA
B) UAG
C) AUG
D) UGA
, 4|Page
Answer: C
Explanation: AUG encodes methionine and serves as the initiation signal
for translation in most organisms. The other codons listed are stop
codons, which terminate protein synthesis.
Question 6
The three-nucleotide sequence on tRNA that pairs with an mRNA codon
is called the:
A) Exon
B) Intron
C) Anticodon
D) Promoter
Answer: C
Explanation: The anticodon is a trinucleotide region of tRNA that is
complementary to the corresponding mRNA codon, ensuring proper
amino acid incorporation during translation.
Question 7
Alternative splicing allows a single gene to produce:
A) Multiple proteins
B) Multiple DNA strands
C) No protein
