1|Page
UKY BIO 315 Exam 2026-2027 BANK QUESTIONS WITH
DETAILED VERIFIED ANSWERS EXAM QUESTIONS WILL
COME FROM HERE (100% Latest Already Graded A+
Question 1
Which of the following best defines the term "genotype"?
A) The observable physical traits of an organism
B) The genetic makeup of an organism
C) The environment's effect on gene expression
D) The process of DNA replication
Answer: B) The genetic makeup of an organism
Explanation: Genotype refers to the specific allelic composition of an
organism, whereas phenotype is the observable expression of that
genotype. Environmental factors can influence phenotype but do not
change the genotype itself. DNA replication is a process, not a
definition.
Question 2
In a monohybrid cross between two heterozygous individuals (Aa x Aa),
what is the expected phenotypic ratio for a trait with complete
dominance?
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A) 1:2:1
B) 3:1
C) 9:3:3:1
D) 1:1
Answer: B) 3:1
Explanation: For a monohybrid cross with complete dominance, the
genotypic ratio is 1:2:1 (AA:Aa:aa), but since AA and Aa express the
dominant phenotype, the phenotypic ratio is 3 dominant:1 recessive.
The 9:3:3:1 ratio applies to dihybrid crosses.
Question 3
What is the role of DNA polymerase in replication?
A) Unwinding the double helix
B) Synthesizing new DNA strands by adding nucleotides
C) Joining Okazaki fragments
D) Transcribing RNA from DNA
Answer: B) Synthesizing new DNA strands by adding nucleotides
Explanation: DNA polymerase catalyzes the addition of
deoxynucleotides to the growing DNA strand, matching complementary
bases. Helicase unwinds the helix, ligase joins Okazaki fragments, and
RNA polymerase handles transcription.
Question 4
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Which of the following is a characteristic of autosomal recessive
inheritance?
A) Affected individuals usually have at least one affected parent
B) The trait appears equally in males and females
C) Affected individuals are always heterozygous
D) The trait skips generations frequently
Answer: D) The trait skips generations frequently
Explanation: Autosomal recessive traits often skip generations because
carriers (heterozygotes) do not show the phenotype. Males and females
are equally affected, affected individuals are usually homozygous
recessive, and affected parents are not required.
Question 5
A cell in G1 phase has 10 picograms of DNA. How much DNA would be
present in the same cell at metaphase of mitosis?
A) 10 pg
B) 20 pg
C) 5 pg
D) 40 pg
Answer: B) 20 pg
Explanation: DNA replicates during S phase, doubling the DNA content
from G1 (10 pg) to G2 and metaphase (20 pg). The cell remains at 20 pg
until cytokinesis separates the DNA into two daughter cells.
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Question 6
What is the function of tRNA during translation?
A) Carrying genetic information from the nucleus
B) Bringing amino acids to the ribosome
C) Forming the ribosomal subunits
D) Catalyzing peptide bond formation
Answer: B) Bringing amino acids to the ribosome
Explanation: tRNA molecules carry specific amino acids and have
anticodons that pair with mRNA codons, ensuring correct amino acid
order. mRNA carries genetic info, rRNA forms ribosomes, and peptidyl
transferase catalyzes bonds.
Question 7
In a dihybrid cross (AaBb x AaBb), what proportion of offspring will be
homozygous recessive for both traits?
A) 1/16
B) 1/8
C) 1/4
D) 1/2
Answer: A) 1/16
Explanation: The probability of aa is 1/4 and bb is 1/4; multiplying gives
1/16. This follows the product rule for independent assortment.
UKY BIO 315 Exam 2026-2027 BANK QUESTIONS WITH
DETAILED VERIFIED ANSWERS EXAM QUESTIONS WILL
COME FROM HERE (100% Latest Already Graded A+
Question 1
Which of the following best defines the term "genotype"?
A) The observable physical traits of an organism
B) The genetic makeup of an organism
C) The environment's effect on gene expression
D) The process of DNA replication
Answer: B) The genetic makeup of an organism
Explanation: Genotype refers to the specific allelic composition of an
organism, whereas phenotype is the observable expression of that
genotype. Environmental factors can influence phenotype but do not
change the genotype itself. DNA replication is a process, not a
definition.
Question 2
In a monohybrid cross between two heterozygous individuals (Aa x Aa),
what is the expected phenotypic ratio for a trait with complete
dominance?
,2|Page
A) 1:2:1
B) 3:1
C) 9:3:3:1
D) 1:1
Answer: B) 3:1
Explanation: For a monohybrid cross with complete dominance, the
genotypic ratio is 1:2:1 (AA:Aa:aa), but since AA and Aa express the
dominant phenotype, the phenotypic ratio is 3 dominant:1 recessive.
The 9:3:3:1 ratio applies to dihybrid crosses.
Question 3
What is the role of DNA polymerase in replication?
A) Unwinding the double helix
B) Synthesizing new DNA strands by adding nucleotides
C) Joining Okazaki fragments
D) Transcribing RNA from DNA
Answer: B) Synthesizing new DNA strands by adding nucleotides
Explanation: DNA polymerase catalyzes the addition of
deoxynucleotides to the growing DNA strand, matching complementary
bases. Helicase unwinds the helix, ligase joins Okazaki fragments, and
RNA polymerase handles transcription.
Question 4
,3|Page
Which of the following is a characteristic of autosomal recessive
inheritance?
A) Affected individuals usually have at least one affected parent
B) The trait appears equally in males and females
C) Affected individuals are always heterozygous
D) The trait skips generations frequently
Answer: D) The trait skips generations frequently
Explanation: Autosomal recessive traits often skip generations because
carriers (heterozygotes) do not show the phenotype. Males and females
are equally affected, affected individuals are usually homozygous
recessive, and affected parents are not required.
Question 5
A cell in G1 phase has 10 picograms of DNA. How much DNA would be
present in the same cell at metaphase of mitosis?
A) 10 pg
B) 20 pg
C) 5 pg
D) 40 pg
Answer: B) 20 pg
Explanation: DNA replicates during S phase, doubling the DNA content
from G1 (10 pg) to G2 and metaphase (20 pg). The cell remains at 20 pg
until cytokinesis separates the DNA into two daughter cells.
, 4|Page
Question 6
What is the function of tRNA during translation?
A) Carrying genetic information from the nucleus
B) Bringing amino acids to the ribosome
C) Forming the ribosomal subunits
D) Catalyzing peptide bond formation
Answer: B) Bringing amino acids to the ribosome
Explanation: tRNA molecules carry specific amino acids and have
anticodons that pair with mRNA codons, ensuring correct amino acid
order. mRNA carries genetic info, rRNA forms ribosomes, and peptidyl
transferase catalyzes bonds.
Question 7
In a dihybrid cross (AaBb x AaBb), what proportion of offspring will be
homozygous recessive for both traits?
A) 1/16
B) 1/8
C) 1/4
D) 1/2
Answer: A) 1/16
Explanation: The probability of aa is 1/4 and bb is 1/4; multiplying gives
1/16. This follows the product rule for independent assortment.
