HESI - Medical Surgical Nursing Ultimate Exam | Questions
and Answers | Verified Solutions | 2026 Edition | Pass
Guaranteed When describing patient education
approaches, the nurse educator would explain that informal teaching is an
approach that
a. follows formalized plans
b. has standardized content
c. often occurs one-to-one
d. addresses group needs - answers C. Informal teaching is individualized
one on one teaching which represents the majority of patient education
done by nurses that occurs when an intervention is explained or a question
is answered. Group needs are often the focus of formal patient education
courses or classes. Informal teaching does not necessarily follow a
specific formalized plan. It may be planned with specific content, but it is
individualized responses to patient needs. Formal teaching involves the
use of a curriculum/course plan with standardized content.
A patient expresses a strong interest in returning to their work, family, and
hobbies after having a stroke. Which theory type would the nurse use to
develop a plan of care for the best results of this patient's motivation style?
a. field
b. biological
c. cognitive
d. sociologic - answers C. Cognitive theorists believe that attention,
relevance, confidence, and satisfaction (ARCS) are the conditions that,
when integrated, motivate someone to learn. Field theorists place
significance on how achievement, power, the need for affiliation, and
,avoidance motives influence individual behavior. Sociologic theories are
not involved in motivation.
The nurse is assessing a group of clients. Which clients are at greater risk
for hypothermia or frostbite? (select all that apply)
a. an older woman with hypertension
b. a young man with a body mass index of 42
c. a young many who has just consumed six martinis
d. an older man who smokes a pack of cigarettes a day
e. a young woman who is anorexic
f. a young woman who is diabetic - answers C, D, E, F
clients with poor nutrition, fatigue, and multiple chronic illnesses are at
greater risk for hypothermia. Clients who smoke, consume alcohol, or have
impaired peripheral circulation have a higher incidence of frostbite.
Which statement made by a nurse represents the need for further
education regarding pain management in older adult clients?
a. older adults tend to report pain less often than younger adults
b. older clients usually have more experience with pain than younger
clients
c. older adults are at greatest risk for under treated pain
d. older clients have a different pain mechanism and do not feel it as much
- answers D
,There is no evidence to support the idea that older adult clients perceive
pain any differently than younger clients. The other statements are
accurate regarding older clients and pain.
The nurse is working at a first aid booth for a spring training game on a hot
day. A spectator comes in, reporting that he is not feeling well. Vital signs
are temp 104.1 F, pulse 132 BPM, respirs 26 breaths/min, and blood
pressure 106/66 mm Hg. He trips over his feet as the nurse leads him to a
cot. What is the priory action of the nurse?
a. admin tylenol 650 mg orally
b. encourage rest, and reassess in 15 minutes
c. sponge the victim with cool water and remove his shirt
d. encourage drinking of cool water or sports drink - answers C
The spectator shows signs of heat stroke, which is a medical emergency.
The spectator should be transported to the ED ASAP. The nurs should take
actions to lower his body temp in teh meantime by removing his shirt and
sponging his body with cool water. Lowering body temp by drinking cool
fluids or taking acetaminophen is not as effective in an emergency
situation. The client needs to be cooled quickly and is a priority for
treatment
The client is receiving an IV of 60 mEq of potassium chloride ina 1000 mL
solution of dextrose 5% in 0.45% saline. The client states that the area
around the IV site burns. What intervention does the nurse perform first?
a. assess for a blood return
b. notify the physician
, c. document the finding
d. stop the IV infusion - answers D
Potassium is a severe tissue irritant. The safest action is to discontinue the
solution that contains the potassium and discontinue the IV altogether, in
which case the client would need another site started. Assessing for a
blood return may or may not be successful. The solution could be diluted
(less potassium) and the rate could be slowed once it is determined that
the needle is in the vein.
A nurse is caring for an older adult client who lives alone. Which economic
situation presents the most serious problem for this client?
a. costs of creating a living will
b. stock market fluctuations
c. increased provider benefits
d. social security as the basis of income - answers D
Older adults on fixed incomes are unable to adjust their income to meet
rising costs associated with meeting basic needs
Controlling pain is important to promoting wellness. Unrelieved pain has
been associated with
a. prolonged stress response and a cascade of harmful effects system
wide.
b. decreased tumor growth and longevity
c. large tidal volumes and decreased lung capacity
and Answers | Verified Solutions | 2026 Edition | Pass
Guaranteed When describing patient education
approaches, the nurse educator would explain that informal teaching is an
approach that
a. follows formalized plans
b. has standardized content
c. often occurs one-to-one
d. addresses group needs - answers C. Informal teaching is individualized
one on one teaching which represents the majority of patient education
done by nurses that occurs when an intervention is explained or a question
is answered. Group needs are often the focus of formal patient education
courses or classes. Informal teaching does not necessarily follow a
specific formalized plan. It may be planned with specific content, but it is
individualized responses to patient needs. Formal teaching involves the
use of a curriculum/course plan with standardized content.
A patient expresses a strong interest in returning to their work, family, and
hobbies after having a stroke. Which theory type would the nurse use to
develop a plan of care for the best results of this patient's motivation style?
a. field
b. biological
c. cognitive
d. sociologic - answers C. Cognitive theorists believe that attention,
relevance, confidence, and satisfaction (ARCS) are the conditions that,
when integrated, motivate someone to learn. Field theorists place
significance on how achievement, power, the need for affiliation, and
,avoidance motives influence individual behavior. Sociologic theories are
not involved in motivation.
The nurse is assessing a group of clients. Which clients are at greater risk
for hypothermia or frostbite? (select all that apply)
a. an older woman with hypertension
b. a young man with a body mass index of 42
c. a young many who has just consumed six martinis
d. an older man who smokes a pack of cigarettes a day
e. a young woman who is anorexic
f. a young woman who is diabetic - answers C, D, E, F
clients with poor nutrition, fatigue, and multiple chronic illnesses are at
greater risk for hypothermia. Clients who smoke, consume alcohol, or have
impaired peripheral circulation have a higher incidence of frostbite.
Which statement made by a nurse represents the need for further
education regarding pain management in older adult clients?
a. older adults tend to report pain less often than younger adults
b. older clients usually have more experience with pain than younger
clients
c. older adults are at greatest risk for under treated pain
d. older clients have a different pain mechanism and do not feel it as much
- answers D
,There is no evidence to support the idea that older adult clients perceive
pain any differently than younger clients. The other statements are
accurate regarding older clients and pain.
The nurse is working at a first aid booth for a spring training game on a hot
day. A spectator comes in, reporting that he is not feeling well. Vital signs
are temp 104.1 F, pulse 132 BPM, respirs 26 breaths/min, and blood
pressure 106/66 mm Hg. He trips over his feet as the nurse leads him to a
cot. What is the priory action of the nurse?
a. admin tylenol 650 mg orally
b. encourage rest, and reassess in 15 minutes
c. sponge the victim with cool water and remove his shirt
d. encourage drinking of cool water or sports drink - answers C
The spectator shows signs of heat stroke, which is a medical emergency.
The spectator should be transported to the ED ASAP. The nurs should take
actions to lower his body temp in teh meantime by removing his shirt and
sponging his body with cool water. Lowering body temp by drinking cool
fluids or taking acetaminophen is not as effective in an emergency
situation. The client needs to be cooled quickly and is a priority for
treatment
The client is receiving an IV of 60 mEq of potassium chloride ina 1000 mL
solution of dextrose 5% in 0.45% saline. The client states that the area
around the IV site burns. What intervention does the nurse perform first?
a. assess for a blood return
b. notify the physician
, c. document the finding
d. stop the IV infusion - answers D
Potassium is a severe tissue irritant. The safest action is to discontinue the
solution that contains the potassium and discontinue the IV altogether, in
which case the client would need another site started. Assessing for a
blood return may or may not be successful. The solution could be diluted
(less potassium) and the rate could be slowed once it is determined that
the needle is in the vein.
A nurse is caring for an older adult client who lives alone. Which economic
situation presents the most serious problem for this client?
a. costs of creating a living will
b. stock market fluctuations
c. increased provider benefits
d. social security as the basis of income - answers D
Older adults on fixed incomes are unable to adjust their income to meet
rising costs associated with meeting basic needs
Controlling pain is important to promoting wellness. Unrelieved pain has
been associated with
a. prolonged stress response and a cascade of harmful effects system
wide.
b. decreased tumor growth and longevity
c. large tidal volumes and decreased lung capacity
