COMD 5070 | COMPLETE EXAM 2026/2027 | QUESTIONS AND 100%
VERIFIED ANSWERS | PASS GUARANTEE
Q1. What are the four key characteristics of the scientific method? A: 1)
Empirical, 2) Deterministic, 3) Predictive, 4) Parsimonious.
Q2. What does "empirical" mean in the context of science? A: It means
science is based on data, not reasoning or speculation.
Q3. What does "deterministic" mean in science? A: Events have causes; there
is a reason things happen the way they do.
Q4. What does "predictive" mean in science? A: If we understand the cause,
we can predict the outcome.
Q5. What does "parsimonious" mean in science? A: The simplest explanation
that accounts for the data is preferred.
Q6. What is the difference between basic and applied research? A: Basic
research seeks to understand fundamental principles; applied research applies
those principles to practical problems.
Q7. What is a hypothesis? A: A testable prediction or explanation for a
phenomenon.
Q8. What is a variable? A: Any factor that can change or be changed in an
experiment.
Q9. What is the independent variable? A: The variable manipulated by the
researcher.
Q10. What is the dependent variable? A: The variable measured or observed
in response to the independent variable.
Q11. What is a control group? A: A group that does not receive the
experimental treatment, used for comparison.
Q12. What is randomization in research? A: Assigning participants to groups
by chance to reduce bias.
Q13. What is reliability in measurement? A: Consistency of a measure; the
ability to produce the same results under the same conditions.
,Q14. What is validity in measurement? A: The extent to which a test measures
what it claims to measure.
Q15. What is inter-rater reliability? A: The degree of agreement between two
or more raters.
Q16. What is intra-rater reliability? A: The degree of agreement by the same
rater on different occasions.
Q17. What is a Type I error? A: Rejecting a true null hypothesis (false positive).
Q18. What is a Type II error? A: Failing to reject a false null hypothesis (false
negative).
Q19. What is the p-value? A: The probability of obtaining results at least as
extreme as the observed results, assuming the null hypothesis is true.
Q20. What is the difference between quantitative and qualitative research?
A: Quantitative uses numerical data and statistical analysis; qualitative uses
non-numerical data like interviews and observations.
SECTION 2: PROPERTIES OF SOUND WAVES (Q21–Q60)
Q21. What is a sound wave? A: A disturbance that travels through a medium
(air, water, solid) by vibrating particles.
Q22. What type of wave is a sound wave? A: A longitudinal (compressional)
mechanical wave.
Q23. What is the difference between longitudinal and transverse waves? A:
In longitudinal waves, particles vibrate parallel to the direction of wave
propagation; in transverse waves, particles vibrate perpendicular.
Q24. What is frequency? A: The number of complete cycles of vibration per
second, measured in Hertz (Hz).
Q25. What is the audible frequency range for humans? A: Approximately 20
Hz to 20,000 Hz.
Q26. What is amplitude? A: The maximum displacement of a particle from its
rest position; perceived as loudness.
Q27. What is wavelength? A: The distance between two consecutive
corresponding points on a wave (e.g., crest to crest).
, Q28. What is the relationship between frequency and wavelength? A: They
are inversely proportional: higher frequency = shorter wavelength (v = f × λ).
Q29. What is the speed of sound in air at room temperature? A:
Approximately 343 meters per second (m/s) or about 767 mph.
Q30. What factors affect the speed of sound? A: Temperature, humidity, and
the medium through which it travels.
Q31. What is a pure tone? A: A sound with a single frequency and sinusoidal
waveform.
Q32. What is a complex tone? A: A sound composed of multiple frequencies
(fundamental + harmonics/overtones).
Q33. What is the fundamental frequency (F0)? A: The lowest frequency
component of a complex tone; perceived as pitch.
Q34. What are harmonics? A: Integer multiples of the fundamental frequency
(2f0, 3f0, 4f0, etc.).
Q35. What is the difference between harmonics and overtones? A:
Harmonics are integer multiples of F0; overtones are any frequencies above F0
(not necessarily integer multiples).
Q36. What is aperiodic sound? A: Sound without a repeating pattern, such as
noise or fricatives like /s/.
Q37. What is white noise? A: Noise with equal energy across all frequencies.
Q38. What is pink noise? A: Noise with equal energy per octave (more energy
in lower frequencies).
Q39. What is the decibel (dB)? A: A logarithmic unit used to measure the
intensity or power of a sound.
Q40. What is the formula for calculating decibels? A: dB = 10 log₁₀(I/I₀), where
I is intensity and I₀ is reference intensity (10⁻¹² W/m²).
Q41. What is the reference intensity for sound in air? A: 10⁻¹² watts per
square meter (W/m²), corresponding to 0 dB SPL.
Q42. What is dB SPL? A: Sound Pressure Level, measured relative to 20 μPa
(micropascals).
VERIFIED ANSWERS | PASS GUARANTEE
Q1. What are the four key characteristics of the scientific method? A: 1)
Empirical, 2) Deterministic, 3) Predictive, 4) Parsimonious.
Q2. What does "empirical" mean in the context of science? A: It means
science is based on data, not reasoning or speculation.
Q3. What does "deterministic" mean in science? A: Events have causes; there
is a reason things happen the way they do.
Q4. What does "predictive" mean in science? A: If we understand the cause,
we can predict the outcome.
Q5. What does "parsimonious" mean in science? A: The simplest explanation
that accounts for the data is preferred.
Q6. What is the difference between basic and applied research? A: Basic
research seeks to understand fundamental principles; applied research applies
those principles to practical problems.
Q7. What is a hypothesis? A: A testable prediction or explanation for a
phenomenon.
Q8. What is a variable? A: Any factor that can change or be changed in an
experiment.
Q9. What is the independent variable? A: The variable manipulated by the
researcher.
Q10. What is the dependent variable? A: The variable measured or observed
in response to the independent variable.
Q11. What is a control group? A: A group that does not receive the
experimental treatment, used for comparison.
Q12. What is randomization in research? A: Assigning participants to groups
by chance to reduce bias.
Q13. What is reliability in measurement? A: Consistency of a measure; the
ability to produce the same results under the same conditions.
,Q14. What is validity in measurement? A: The extent to which a test measures
what it claims to measure.
Q15. What is inter-rater reliability? A: The degree of agreement between two
or more raters.
Q16. What is intra-rater reliability? A: The degree of agreement by the same
rater on different occasions.
Q17. What is a Type I error? A: Rejecting a true null hypothesis (false positive).
Q18. What is a Type II error? A: Failing to reject a false null hypothesis (false
negative).
Q19. What is the p-value? A: The probability of obtaining results at least as
extreme as the observed results, assuming the null hypothesis is true.
Q20. What is the difference between quantitative and qualitative research?
A: Quantitative uses numerical data and statistical analysis; qualitative uses
non-numerical data like interviews and observations.
SECTION 2: PROPERTIES OF SOUND WAVES (Q21–Q60)
Q21. What is a sound wave? A: A disturbance that travels through a medium
(air, water, solid) by vibrating particles.
Q22. What type of wave is a sound wave? A: A longitudinal (compressional)
mechanical wave.
Q23. What is the difference between longitudinal and transverse waves? A:
In longitudinal waves, particles vibrate parallel to the direction of wave
propagation; in transverse waves, particles vibrate perpendicular.
Q24. What is frequency? A: The number of complete cycles of vibration per
second, measured in Hertz (Hz).
Q25. What is the audible frequency range for humans? A: Approximately 20
Hz to 20,000 Hz.
Q26. What is amplitude? A: The maximum displacement of a particle from its
rest position; perceived as loudness.
Q27. What is wavelength? A: The distance between two consecutive
corresponding points on a wave (e.g., crest to crest).
, Q28. What is the relationship between frequency and wavelength? A: They
are inversely proportional: higher frequency = shorter wavelength (v = f × λ).
Q29. What is the speed of sound in air at room temperature? A:
Approximately 343 meters per second (m/s) or about 767 mph.
Q30. What factors affect the speed of sound? A: Temperature, humidity, and
the medium through which it travels.
Q31. What is a pure tone? A: A sound with a single frequency and sinusoidal
waveform.
Q32. What is a complex tone? A: A sound composed of multiple frequencies
(fundamental + harmonics/overtones).
Q33. What is the fundamental frequency (F0)? A: The lowest frequency
component of a complex tone; perceived as pitch.
Q34. What are harmonics? A: Integer multiples of the fundamental frequency
(2f0, 3f0, 4f0, etc.).
Q35. What is the difference between harmonics and overtones? A:
Harmonics are integer multiples of F0; overtones are any frequencies above F0
(not necessarily integer multiples).
Q36. What is aperiodic sound? A: Sound without a repeating pattern, such as
noise or fricatives like /s/.
Q37. What is white noise? A: Noise with equal energy across all frequencies.
Q38. What is pink noise? A: Noise with equal energy per octave (more energy
in lower frequencies).
Q39. What is the decibel (dB)? A: A logarithmic unit used to measure the
intensity or power of a sound.
Q40. What is the formula for calculating decibels? A: dB = 10 log₁₀(I/I₀), where
I is intensity and I₀ is reference intensity (10⁻¹² W/m²).
Q41. What is the reference intensity for sound in air? A: 10⁻¹² watts per
square meter (W/m²), corresponding to 0 dB SPL.
Q42. What is dB SPL? A: Sound Pressure Level, measured relative to 20 μPa
(micropascals).
