CREST CPSA EXAM PRACTICE 2026 LATEST
UPDATE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT VERIFIED
ANSWERS ALREADY GRADED A+
Mail Exchanger (MX) Record - ANSA record used by e-mail servers for determining
the host names of servers responsible for handling a domain's incoming e-mail.
A / AAAA Record - ANSIP Address.
Name Server (NS) Record - ANSAnnounces the authoritative name servers for a
particular zone who will answer queries for their supported zone.
Pointer Record (PTR) - ANSA record that points IP addresses/Canonical to host
names. See also Reverse Lookup Zone.
Network Protocols - ANSARP, DHCP, CDP, HSRP, VRRP, VTP, STP, TACACS.
Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP) - ANSA Cisco proprietary Layer 2 protocol to
gather information about neighboring Cisco devices.
HSRP (Hot Standby Router Protocol) - ANSThis is exclusive to Cisco and allows a
default router address to be configured to be used in the event that the primary
router fails.
VRRP (Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol) - ANSA standard that assigns a virtual
IP address to a group of routers.
VTP (VLAN Trunking Protocol) - ANSCisco's protocol for exchanging VLAN
information over trunks.
STP (Spanning Tree Protocol) - ANSA Layer 2 protocol that is used for routing and
prevents network loops by adopting a dynamic routing method.
WEP - ANSWired Equivalent Privacy.
Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) - ANSAn IEEE 802.11 security protocol designed to
ensure that only authorized parties can view transmitted wireless information.
WPA - ANSWireless Protected Access
Wireless Protected Access (WPA) - ANSThe 802.11 security method created as a
stopgap between WEP and 802.11i
,EAP (Extensible Authentication Protocol) - ANSA protocol that enables systems to
use hardware-based identifiers, such as fingerprint scanners or smart card
readers, for authentication.
EAP - ANSExtensible Authentication Protocol
LEAP - ANSLightweight Extensible Authentication Protocol
PEAP - ANSProtected Extensible Authentication Protocol
nbtstat - ANSA Windows utility that is used to view and manage NetBIOS name
cache information.
Global Catalog Server - ANSA domain controller that holds a subset of the
information in all domain partitions for the entire Active Directory forest.
Master Browser - ANSPresent on every subnet. Needed for a routed TCP/IP
network
FSMO - ANSFlexible Single Master Operations
Flexible Single Master Operations (FSMO) Roles - ANSAlso known as operations
master roles, these are servers that provide certain functions that can only be
handled by one domain controller at a time.
LANMAN hash - ANSThe original hash used to store Windows passwords, known
as LM hash, based off the DES algorithm. (Legacy)
NTLM - ANSNew Technology LAN Manager
NTLMv2 - ANSNTLMv2 was developed in response to attacks against the LM
authentication protocol. It uses the MD5 password hash algorithm.
NTLM Hash - ANSSuccessor to the LM hash. A more advanced hash used to store
Windows passwords, based off the RC4 algorithm.
OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) - ANSA link-state routing protocol used on IP
networks.
Static Routing - ANSA type of routing used by a network administrator to manually
specify the mappings in the routing table.
Dynamic Routing - ANSAllows a router to determine the best route between two
nodes automatically and then store this information in a routing table.
, Port 1 - ANSTCP Port Service Multiplexer (TCPMUX)
Port 5 - ANSRemote Job Entry (RJE)
Port 7 - ANSECHO or ICMP
Port 18 - ANSMSG ICP
Port 29 - ANStime
Port 37 - ANSHost Name Server (Nameserv)
Port 42 - ANSWHOIS
Port 43 - ANSGopher Services
Port 70 - ANSGopher Services
Port 118 - ANSSQL Services
Port 119 - ANSNNTP (Network News Transfer Protocol)
Port 79 - ANSfinger
Port 159 - ANSSQL Server
Port 103 - ANSX.400 Standard
Port 190 - ANSGateway Access Control Protocol (GACP)
Port 197 - ANSDirectory Location Service (DLS)
Port 396 - ANSNovell Netware over IP
Port 444 - ANSSimple Network Paging Protocol (SNPP)
Port 458 - ANSApple QuickTime
Computer Misuse Act 1990 - ANSAn Act which makes illegal a number of activities
such as deliberately planting viruses, hacking, using ICT equipment for fraud.
Human Rights Act 1998 - ANSAct of Parliament that incorporated the European
Convention on Human Rights into UK law, making it enforceable in UK courts.
Data Protection Act 1998 - ANSThe UK law that tells organisations how they must
protect the personal data of real people. (NOW GDPR)
UPDATE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT VERIFIED
ANSWERS ALREADY GRADED A+
Mail Exchanger (MX) Record - ANSA record used by e-mail servers for determining
the host names of servers responsible for handling a domain's incoming e-mail.
A / AAAA Record - ANSIP Address.
Name Server (NS) Record - ANSAnnounces the authoritative name servers for a
particular zone who will answer queries for their supported zone.
Pointer Record (PTR) - ANSA record that points IP addresses/Canonical to host
names. See also Reverse Lookup Zone.
Network Protocols - ANSARP, DHCP, CDP, HSRP, VRRP, VTP, STP, TACACS.
Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP) - ANSA Cisco proprietary Layer 2 protocol to
gather information about neighboring Cisco devices.
HSRP (Hot Standby Router Protocol) - ANSThis is exclusive to Cisco and allows a
default router address to be configured to be used in the event that the primary
router fails.
VRRP (Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol) - ANSA standard that assigns a virtual
IP address to a group of routers.
VTP (VLAN Trunking Protocol) - ANSCisco's protocol for exchanging VLAN
information over trunks.
STP (Spanning Tree Protocol) - ANSA Layer 2 protocol that is used for routing and
prevents network loops by adopting a dynamic routing method.
WEP - ANSWired Equivalent Privacy.
Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) - ANSAn IEEE 802.11 security protocol designed to
ensure that only authorized parties can view transmitted wireless information.
WPA - ANSWireless Protected Access
Wireless Protected Access (WPA) - ANSThe 802.11 security method created as a
stopgap between WEP and 802.11i
,EAP (Extensible Authentication Protocol) - ANSA protocol that enables systems to
use hardware-based identifiers, such as fingerprint scanners or smart card
readers, for authentication.
EAP - ANSExtensible Authentication Protocol
LEAP - ANSLightweight Extensible Authentication Protocol
PEAP - ANSProtected Extensible Authentication Protocol
nbtstat - ANSA Windows utility that is used to view and manage NetBIOS name
cache information.
Global Catalog Server - ANSA domain controller that holds a subset of the
information in all domain partitions for the entire Active Directory forest.
Master Browser - ANSPresent on every subnet. Needed for a routed TCP/IP
network
FSMO - ANSFlexible Single Master Operations
Flexible Single Master Operations (FSMO) Roles - ANSAlso known as operations
master roles, these are servers that provide certain functions that can only be
handled by one domain controller at a time.
LANMAN hash - ANSThe original hash used to store Windows passwords, known
as LM hash, based off the DES algorithm. (Legacy)
NTLM - ANSNew Technology LAN Manager
NTLMv2 - ANSNTLMv2 was developed in response to attacks against the LM
authentication protocol. It uses the MD5 password hash algorithm.
NTLM Hash - ANSSuccessor to the LM hash. A more advanced hash used to store
Windows passwords, based off the RC4 algorithm.
OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) - ANSA link-state routing protocol used on IP
networks.
Static Routing - ANSA type of routing used by a network administrator to manually
specify the mappings in the routing table.
Dynamic Routing - ANSAllows a router to determine the best route between two
nodes automatically and then store this information in a routing table.
, Port 1 - ANSTCP Port Service Multiplexer (TCPMUX)
Port 5 - ANSRemote Job Entry (RJE)
Port 7 - ANSECHO or ICMP
Port 18 - ANSMSG ICP
Port 29 - ANStime
Port 37 - ANSHost Name Server (Nameserv)
Port 42 - ANSWHOIS
Port 43 - ANSGopher Services
Port 70 - ANSGopher Services
Port 118 - ANSSQL Services
Port 119 - ANSNNTP (Network News Transfer Protocol)
Port 79 - ANSfinger
Port 159 - ANSSQL Server
Port 103 - ANSX.400 Standard
Port 190 - ANSGateway Access Control Protocol (GACP)
Port 197 - ANSDirectory Location Service (DLS)
Port 396 - ANSNovell Netware over IP
Port 444 - ANSSimple Network Paging Protocol (SNPP)
Port 458 - ANSApple QuickTime
Computer Misuse Act 1990 - ANSAn Act which makes illegal a number of activities
such as deliberately planting viruses, hacking, using ICT equipment for fraud.
Human Rights Act 1998 - ANSAct of Parliament that incorporated the European
Convention on Human Rights into UK law, making it enforceable in UK courts.
Data Protection Act 1998 - ANSThe UK law that tells organisations how they must
protect the personal data of real people. (NOW GDPR)
