Portage Pathophysiology Exam 1 | [Latest 2026/2027 Update] Questions & Answers | Grade A | 100% Correct
Definition of Pathophysiology ✔️defined as not only the cellular and organ changes that occur with disease, but also the effects that these
changes have on total body function.
5 etiologic factors and an example of each ✔️Biological: bacteria and viruses
Physical: trauma, burns, and radiation
Chemical: poisons, drugs
One's genetic inheritance
Nutritional excesses or deficiencies
2 types of risk factors ✔️congenital factors (present at birth) or acquired (occurring after birth)
Difference between morphology and histology ✔️Morphology - fundamental structure or form of cells or tissues (includes the gross and
microscopic changes)
Histology - study of the cells and extracellular matrix of body tissues (at the tissue level)
Signs and symptoms ✔️Signs - objective and can be seen or measured. Elevated temp, leg edema, and changes in pupil size.
symptoms - subjective. pain, trouble breathing, dizziness.
3 important processes when coming to a diagnosis? ✔️Patient history, physical examination, and diagnostic tests.
Validity, reliability, sensitivity, and specificity definitions. ✔️Validity - how a tool measure what it is intended to measure.
Reliability - likelihood the same result occurring with multiple testing.
Sensitivity - the proportion of people with a disease who are positive for that disease.
Specificity - are people without the disease who are negative on a given test.
Define epidemiology and name some thing that it tracks. ✔️Epidemiology is the study of disease occurrence in human populations. It tracks,
age, race, dietary habits, lifestyle, or geographic location.
Difference between incidence and prevalence ✔️Incidence - the number of new cases in a population
Prevalence - the number of people with the disease in a population in a given time
Define Mortality and Morbidity ✔️Mortality - the statistics that deal with cause of death in a population
Morbidity is the effect of illness on one's life.
Define Primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention and give an example of each. ✔️Primary: remove risk factors to prevent disease from
occurring. Examples - yearly check up, daily vitamin, vaccination, wearing seatbelts or helmets.
Secondary: detect and treat disease early, usually while the disease is asymptomatic and curable. Example - pap smears, checking bp and
cholesterol and colonoscopy screening. Usually all done by setting of a physician.
Definition of Pathophysiology ✔️defined as not only the cellular and organ changes that occur with disease, but also the effects that these
changes have on total body function.
5 etiologic factors and an example of each ✔️Biological: bacteria and viruses
Physical: trauma, burns, and radiation
Chemical: poisons, drugs
One's genetic inheritance
Nutritional excesses or deficiencies
2 types of risk factors ✔️congenital factors (present at birth) or acquired (occurring after birth)
Difference between morphology and histology ✔️Morphology - fundamental structure or form of cells or tissues (includes the gross and
microscopic changes)
Histology - study of the cells and extracellular matrix of body tissues (at the tissue level)
Signs and symptoms ✔️Signs - objective and can be seen or measured. Elevated temp, leg edema, and changes in pupil size.
symptoms - subjective. pain, trouble breathing, dizziness.
3 important processes when coming to a diagnosis? ✔️Patient history, physical examination, and diagnostic tests.
Validity, reliability, sensitivity, and specificity definitions. ✔️Validity - how a tool measure what it is intended to measure.
Reliability - likelihood the same result occurring with multiple testing.
Sensitivity - the proportion of people with a disease who are positive for that disease.
Specificity - are people without the disease who are negative on a given test.
Define epidemiology and name some thing that it tracks. ✔️Epidemiology is the study of disease occurrence in human populations. It tracks,
age, race, dietary habits, lifestyle, or geographic location.
Difference between incidence and prevalence ✔️Incidence - the number of new cases in a population
Prevalence - the number of people with the disease in a population in a given time
Define Mortality and Morbidity ✔️Mortality - the statistics that deal with cause of death in a population
Morbidity is the effect of illness on one's life.
Define Primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention and give an example of each. ✔️Primary: remove risk factors to prevent disease from
occurring. Examples - yearly check up, daily vitamin, vaccination, wearing seatbelts or helmets.
Secondary: detect and treat disease early, usually while the disease is asymptomatic and curable. Example - pap smears, checking bp and
cholesterol and colonoscopy screening. Usually all done by setting of a physician.
