UNDERSTANDING PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
CANADIAN EDITION CHAPTER 42 UPDATED
ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS
◉ A 5-year-old male presents to the ER with delirium and sunken
eyes. After diagnosing him with severe dehydration, the primary
care provider orders fluid replacement. The nurse administers a
hypertonic intravenous solution. Which of the following would be
expected?
A. Symptoms subside quickly
B. Intracellular dehydration
C. Massive dependent edema
D. No noticeable effect.
Answer: B. Intracellular dehydration
◉ The nurse is aware that hyperkalemia can be manifested in the
following signs and symptoms. (Select all that apply)
a. Bone pain, osteoporosis
b. Potassium level >5.5 mEq/L
,c. Increased neuromuscular irritability
d. Normal EKG tracing (reading)
e. Muscle weakness, loss of muscle tone, and paralysis.
Answer: Potassium level >5.5 mEq/L; Increased neuromuscular
irritability; Muscle weakness, loss of muscle tone, and paralysis
◉ The primary provider told your patient to increase dietary
potassium. The nurse would help the client identify which of the
following in his/her diet teaching as higher in potassium? (Select all
that apply)
a. Watermelon
b. Oranges
c. Banannas
d. Apples
e. Baked potatoes.
Answer: Oranges, Bananas, Baked potatoes
◉ When planning care for a dehydrated patient, the nurse
remembers that the principle of water balance is closely related to
the balance of:
A. bicarbonate
,B. potassium
C. sodium
D. chloride.
Answer: C. Sodium
◉ During childhood, the thymus decreases in size, and this is
referred to as what type of atrophy?
A. Disuse
B. Neurogenic
C. Pathologic
D. Physiologic.
Answer: D. physiologic
◉ Water movement between the ICF and ECF compartments is
determined by
A. osmotic forces.
B. buffer systems
C. antidiuretic hormone
D. plasma pressure.
Answer: A. osmotic forces
, ◉ Which is the initial treatment for hypernatremia?
a. Diuretic administration
b. Isotonic 0.9% normal saline fluid
c. Isotonic salt-free fluid (5% dextrose in water).
d. Restriction of fluids.
Answer: C. Isotonic salt-free fluid (5% dextrose in water).
◉ A patient has a heart attack that leads to progressive cell injury
that causes cell death with severe cell swelling and breakdown of
organelles. What term would the nurse use to define this process?
A. Adaptation
B. Apoptosis
C. Necrosis
D. Calcification.
Answer: C. necrosis
◉ A 55-year-old male with a 30-year history of smoking is examined
for respiratory disturbance. Examination of his airway (bronchial)
reveals that stratified squamous epithelial cells have replaced the
CANADIAN EDITION CHAPTER 42 UPDATED
ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS
◉ A 5-year-old male presents to the ER with delirium and sunken
eyes. After diagnosing him with severe dehydration, the primary
care provider orders fluid replacement. The nurse administers a
hypertonic intravenous solution. Which of the following would be
expected?
A. Symptoms subside quickly
B. Intracellular dehydration
C. Massive dependent edema
D. No noticeable effect.
Answer: B. Intracellular dehydration
◉ The nurse is aware that hyperkalemia can be manifested in the
following signs and symptoms. (Select all that apply)
a. Bone pain, osteoporosis
b. Potassium level >5.5 mEq/L
,c. Increased neuromuscular irritability
d. Normal EKG tracing (reading)
e. Muscle weakness, loss of muscle tone, and paralysis.
Answer: Potassium level >5.5 mEq/L; Increased neuromuscular
irritability; Muscle weakness, loss of muscle tone, and paralysis
◉ The primary provider told your patient to increase dietary
potassium. The nurse would help the client identify which of the
following in his/her diet teaching as higher in potassium? (Select all
that apply)
a. Watermelon
b. Oranges
c. Banannas
d. Apples
e. Baked potatoes.
Answer: Oranges, Bananas, Baked potatoes
◉ When planning care for a dehydrated patient, the nurse
remembers that the principle of water balance is closely related to
the balance of:
A. bicarbonate
,B. potassium
C. sodium
D. chloride.
Answer: C. Sodium
◉ During childhood, the thymus decreases in size, and this is
referred to as what type of atrophy?
A. Disuse
B. Neurogenic
C. Pathologic
D. Physiologic.
Answer: D. physiologic
◉ Water movement between the ICF and ECF compartments is
determined by
A. osmotic forces.
B. buffer systems
C. antidiuretic hormone
D. plasma pressure.
Answer: A. osmotic forces
, ◉ Which is the initial treatment for hypernatremia?
a. Diuretic administration
b. Isotonic 0.9% normal saline fluid
c. Isotonic salt-free fluid (5% dextrose in water).
d. Restriction of fluids.
Answer: C. Isotonic salt-free fluid (5% dextrose in water).
◉ A patient has a heart attack that leads to progressive cell injury
that causes cell death with severe cell swelling and breakdown of
organelles. What term would the nurse use to define this process?
A. Adaptation
B. Apoptosis
C. Necrosis
D. Calcification.
Answer: C. necrosis
◉ A 55-year-old male with a 30-year history of smoking is examined
for respiratory disturbance. Examination of his airway (bronchial)
reveals that stratified squamous epithelial cells have replaced the
