NURS 6501 Advanced Pathophysiology Final Exam 2026 |
Complete Study Guide | Graded A+| Walden University
1. Why is it important to assess folic acid levels in pregnant women who have
not taken prenatal vitamins?
Folic acid is primarily used for energy metabolism.
Folic acid is crucial for fetal development and preventing neural
tube defects.
Folic acid helps in the production of red blood cells.
Folic acid is necessary for bone health in the mother.
2. What is the organism that produces the exfoliative toxin associated with
bullous impetigo?
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Clostridium perfringens
Escherichia coli
Staphylococcus aureus
3. Patients suffering major depression or post-traumatic stress disorder will both
exhibit:
Reduced negative feedback regulation of the HPA axis by cortisol.
Increased secretion of corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH)
Increased hypothalamo-pituitary- adrenal axis (HPA axis) activity
Increased secretion of cortisol
Reduced secretion of adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH)
,4. Describe the implications of a subluxation on joint function and potential
treatment options.
A subluxation does not affect joint function and requires no treatment.
A subluxation can lead to pain and reduced mobility, and treatment
may include rest, physical therapy, and possibly immobilization.
A subluxation is always permanent and requires surgery.
A subluxation only occurs in the spine and has no other implications.
5. Osgood-Schlatter disease mainly affects:
Females
Patients with a previous condition
Adults over 40
Adolescents
6. Encephalocele can be described as:
An abnormal condition in which cerebrospinalfluid collects in the
ventricles of the brain
Herniation of brain and meninges through adefect in the skull
producing a fluid-filled sac; can be frontal or posterior
Brain totally exposed or extruded through anassociated skull defect
Degeneration of the brain to a spongiform masswith no bony
covering; incompatible with life usually beyond a few days
7. How would you define multiple sclerosis?
A degenerative disease of the central nervous system
A post-infectious disease of the central nervous system
, A chronic-inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central
nervous system
An inflammatory and demyelinating disease of the central and
peripheral NS
8. Describe the potential causes of mixed precocious puberty in children.
Mixed precocious puberty is solely caused by genetic factors.
Mixed precocious puberty is a result of environmental factors only.
Mixed precocious puberty is caused by a lack of physical activity.
Mixed precocious puberty can be caused by hormonal imbalances,
tumors, or central nervous system disorders.
9. What condition is characterized by hepatomegaly, bronze-colored skin, and
cardiac dysrhythmias?
Hepatitis
Hemochromatosis
Chronic anemia
Cirrhosis
10. What is the first indication of nephrotic syndrome in children?
Periorbital edema
Frothy urine
Ascites
Scrotal or labial edema
11. A student asks the professor what the most common pathophysiologic
process is that triggers aplastic anemia (AA). What response by the professor
, is most accurate?
Inherited genetic disorder with recessive X-linked transmission
Autoimmune disease against hematopoiesis by activated cytotoxic T
(Tc) cells
Malignancy of the bone marrow in which unregulated proliferation of
erythrocytes crowd out other blood cells
Autoimmune disease against hematopoiesis by activated
immunoglobulins
12. Parents bring their 1-year-old child to the emergency department, reporting
that the child has been irritable and pounding on her head, has projectile
vomiting, and seems very sleepy for most of the last 3 days. What diagnostic
testing does the healthcare professional prepare the child and parents for as
the priority?
Brain scanning with either CT or MRI
Lumbar puncture with CSF cultures
Ophthalmologic assessment
Developmental assessment
13. Describe the significance of jaundice appearing in a newborn within the first
day of life.
Jaundice indicates the newborn is dehydrated.
Jaundice is only concerning if it persists beyond two weeks.
Jaundice is a normal finding that resolves without intervention.
Jaundice within the first day may indicate a pathological condition
requiring immediate evaluation.
Complete Study Guide | Graded A+| Walden University
1. Why is it important to assess folic acid levels in pregnant women who have
not taken prenatal vitamins?
Folic acid is primarily used for energy metabolism.
Folic acid is crucial for fetal development and preventing neural
tube defects.
Folic acid helps in the production of red blood cells.
Folic acid is necessary for bone health in the mother.
2. What is the organism that produces the exfoliative toxin associated with
bullous impetigo?
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Clostridium perfringens
Escherichia coli
Staphylococcus aureus
3. Patients suffering major depression or post-traumatic stress disorder will both
exhibit:
Reduced negative feedback regulation of the HPA axis by cortisol.
Increased secretion of corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH)
Increased hypothalamo-pituitary- adrenal axis (HPA axis) activity
Increased secretion of cortisol
Reduced secretion of adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH)
,4. Describe the implications of a subluxation on joint function and potential
treatment options.
A subluxation does not affect joint function and requires no treatment.
A subluxation can lead to pain and reduced mobility, and treatment
may include rest, physical therapy, and possibly immobilization.
A subluxation is always permanent and requires surgery.
A subluxation only occurs in the spine and has no other implications.
5. Osgood-Schlatter disease mainly affects:
Females
Patients with a previous condition
Adults over 40
Adolescents
6. Encephalocele can be described as:
An abnormal condition in which cerebrospinalfluid collects in the
ventricles of the brain
Herniation of brain and meninges through adefect in the skull
producing a fluid-filled sac; can be frontal or posterior
Brain totally exposed or extruded through anassociated skull defect
Degeneration of the brain to a spongiform masswith no bony
covering; incompatible with life usually beyond a few days
7. How would you define multiple sclerosis?
A degenerative disease of the central nervous system
A post-infectious disease of the central nervous system
, A chronic-inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central
nervous system
An inflammatory and demyelinating disease of the central and
peripheral NS
8. Describe the potential causes of mixed precocious puberty in children.
Mixed precocious puberty is solely caused by genetic factors.
Mixed precocious puberty is a result of environmental factors only.
Mixed precocious puberty is caused by a lack of physical activity.
Mixed precocious puberty can be caused by hormonal imbalances,
tumors, or central nervous system disorders.
9. What condition is characterized by hepatomegaly, bronze-colored skin, and
cardiac dysrhythmias?
Hepatitis
Hemochromatosis
Chronic anemia
Cirrhosis
10. What is the first indication of nephrotic syndrome in children?
Periorbital edema
Frothy urine
Ascites
Scrotal or labial edema
11. A student asks the professor what the most common pathophysiologic
process is that triggers aplastic anemia (AA). What response by the professor
, is most accurate?
Inherited genetic disorder with recessive X-linked transmission
Autoimmune disease against hematopoiesis by activated cytotoxic T
(Tc) cells
Malignancy of the bone marrow in which unregulated proliferation of
erythrocytes crowd out other blood cells
Autoimmune disease against hematopoiesis by activated
immunoglobulins
12. Parents bring their 1-year-old child to the emergency department, reporting
that the child has been irritable and pounding on her head, has projectile
vomiting, and seems very sleepy for most of the last 3 days. What diagnostic
testing does the healthcare professional prepare the child and parents for as
the priority?
Brain scanning with either CT or MRI
Lumbar puncture with CSF cultures
Ophthalmologic assessment
Developmental assessment
13. Describe the significance of jaundice appearing in a newborn within the first
day of life.
Jaundice indicates the newborn is dehydrated.
Jaundice is only concerning if it persists beyond two weeks.
Jaundice is a normal finding that resolves without intervention.
Jaundice within the first day may indicate a pathological condition
requiring immediate evaluation.
