CMN 574 EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE
2025/2026 COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH
RATIONALES || 100% GUARANTEED PASS
LATEST VERSION
What is the most important cause/source of COPD in North America?
a. Pulmonary fibrosis
b. cigarette smoking
c. cystic fibrosis
d. marijuana use - ANSWER * b. cigarette smoking
Rationale:
According to McPhee, Chapter 9, p. 256, cigarette smoking is clearly the most
important cause of COPD in North America. Pulmonary fibrosis and Cystic
Fibrosis do not cause COPD.
Chesnutt, M., & Prendergast, Thomas. (2015). Pulmonary disorders. In M. A.
Papadakis, & S. J. McPhee (Eds.), CURRENT medical diagnosis & treatment
(54th ed.,pp.861--‐889). New York, NY: McGraw--‐Hill Education.
, Which of the following statements best describe community acquired pneumonia
(CAP)?
a. Pneumonia occurring 48 hours or greater after admission to the hospital
b. Pneumonia occurring in community members who have extensive contact with
healthcare workers
c. Pneumonia developing in an 85 y/o frail female who is undergoing rehabilitation
from a pelvic fracture
d. Pneumonia occurring in an ambulatory patient, not a resident of a nursing home
- ANSWER *d. Pneumonia occurring in an ambulatory patient, not a resident of
a nursing home
Rationale: According to McPhee, Chapter 9, page 267 and 271, CAP is diagnosed
outside of the hospital in ambulatory patients who are not residents of nursing
homes or other long-term care facilities. Pneumonia occurring after 48 hours of
admission is considered hospital--‐acquired pneumonia (HAP). Pneumonia
occurring in community members whose extensive contact with healthcare has
changed their risk for virulent and drug resistant organisms and is considered
Health care associated pneumonia (HCAP).
Chesnutt, M., & Prendergast, Thomas. (2015). Pulmonary disorders. In M. A.
Papadakis, &
S. J. McPhee (Eds.), CURRENT medical diagnosis & treatment (54th ed., pp. 861-
-‐889). New York, NY: McGraw--‐Hill Education.
An 18 -month old female patient presents to your office today for a routine well
check-up. Mom states that she is concerned because her daughter is still not talking
and is only able to say "mama" and "dada". Which of the following statements by
nurse practitioner is most appropriate?
,a. This is a normal pattern of speech and language development; there is no reason
to be concerned.
b. She should be able to speak in three word phrases at 18 months.
c. At 18 months children usually are able to say 5- 10 comprehensible words.
d. We can do a Ballard Score Assessment to further assess her language
development. - ANSWER *c. At 18 months children usually are able to say 5-
10 comprehensible words.
Rationale: Children usually have 5- 10 comprehensive words by 12-18 months and
by 2 years they are putting 2-3 words into phrases. Additionally, caregivers can
understand 50% of what the child says at 12-18 months (Goldson & Reynolds,
2014, p. 84). The Ballard Score Assessment is a method to estimate the gestational
age of an infant (Rosenberg & Grover, 2014, p. 9).
A 17-year-old patient presents to your clinic today with her mom and wants to be
put on an oral contraceptive pill (OCP). The nurse practitioner knows that which of
the following is an absolute contraindication to prescribing OCP?
a. Mom has a history of breast cancer
b. Patient has a personal history of migraines with aura
c. Patient has dysmenorrhea
d. Patient has a history of ovarian cysts - ANSWER *b. Patient has a personal
history of migraines with aura
Rationale: Absolute contraindications to combined oral contraceptive pills are
pregnancy, breast feeding within 6 weeks of childbirth, hypertension (SBP >160 or
DBP >100), history of thrombophlebitis, current thromboembolic disorder,
cerebrovascular diseases, ischemic heart disease, known thrombogenic mutations,
system lupus erythematosus, complicated valvular heart disease, diabetes (with
, nephropathy, retinopathy or neuropathy), liver disease, current breast cancer,
migraines headaches with aura, major surgery with prolonged. Additionally, health
benefits of oral contraceptive pills are dysmenorrhea and functional ovarian cysts
(Sass & Kaplan, 2014, p.150-151).
Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea may be specific for cardiac disease and is
characterized by:
a. sleep apnea and snoring
b. fits of coughing that occur while sleeping
c. orthopnea
d. shortness of breath occurring abruptly during sleep, relieved after standing or
sitting - ANSWER *d. shortness of breath occurring abruptly during sleep,
relieved after standing or sitting
Rationale: Orthopnea is dyspnea that occurs in recumbency and results from an
increase in central blood volume when supine. It may also result from pulmonary
disease and obesity. Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea is shortness of breath that
occurs abruptly 30 minutes to 4 hours after going to bed and is relieved after 10 or
20 minutes by sitting up or standing up; this symptom is more specific for cardiac
disease.
A previously healthy18 month old child is brought in with wheezing following 2
days of cough, fever and rhinorrhea, O2 saturations are normal. The presumed
diagnosis is most likely_____ and the best treatment at this time is ______:
a. bronchitis; ampicillin
b. rhinitis; antihistamines
c. asthma; bronchodilators
d. bronchiolitis; supportive care - ANSWER * d. bronchiolitis; supportive care
2025/2026 COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH
RATIONALES || 100% GUARANTEED PASS
LATEST VERSION
What is the most important cause/source of COPD in North America?
a. Pulmonary fibrosis
b. cigarette smoking
c. cystic fibrosis
d. marijuana use - ANSWER * b. cigarette smoking
Rationale:
According to McPhee, Chapter 9, p. 256, cigarette smoking is clearly the most
important cause of COPD in North America. Pulmonary fibrosis and Cystic
Fibrosis do not cause COPD.
Chesnutt, M., & Prendergast, Thomas. (2015). Pulmonary disorders. In M. A.
Papadakis, & S. J. McPhee (Eds.), CURRENT medical diagnosis & treatment
(54th ed.,pp.861--‐889). New York, NY: McGraw--‐Hill Education.
, Which of the following statements best describe community acquired pneumonia
(CAP)?
a. Pneumonia occurring 48 hours or greater after admission to the hospital
b. Pneumonia occurring in community members who have extensive contact with
healthcare workers
c. Pneumonia developing in an 85 y/o frail female who is undergoing rehabilitation
from a pelvic fracture
d. Pneumonia occurring in an ambulatory patient, not a resident of a nursing home
- ANSWER *d. Pneumonia occurring in an ambulatory patient, not a resident of
a nursing home
Rationale: According to McPhee, Chapter 9, page 267 and 271, CAP is diagnosed
outside of the hospital in ambulatory patients who are not residents of nursing
homes or other long-term care facilities. Pneumonia occurring after 48 hours of
admission is considered hospital--‐acquired pneumonia (HAP). Pneumonia
occurring in community members whose extensive contact with healthcare has
changed their risk for virulent and drug resistant organisms and is considered
Health care associated pneumonia (HCAP).
Chesnutt, M., & Prendergast, Thomas. (2015). Pulmonary disorders. In M. A.
Papadakis, &
S. J. McPhee (Eds.), CURRENT medical diagnosis & treatment (54th ed., pp. 861-
-‐889). New York, NY: McGraw--‐Hill Education.
An 18 -month old female patient presents to your office today for a routine well
check-up. Mom states that she is concerned because her daughter is still not talking
and is only able to say "mama" and "dada". Which of the following statements by
nurse practitioner is most appropriate?
,a. This is a normal pattern of speech and language development; there is no reason
to be concerned.
b. She should be able to speak in three word phrases at 18 months.
c. At 18 months children usually are able to say 5- 10 comprehensible words.
d. We can do a Ballard Score Assessment to further assess her language
development. - ANSWER *c. At 18 months children usually are able to say 5-
10 comprehensible words.
Rationale: Children usually have 5- 10 comprehensive words by 12-18 months and
by 2 years they are putting 2-3 words into phrases. Additionally, caregivers can
understand 50% of what the child says at 12-18 months (Goldson & Reynolds,
2014, p. 84). The Ballard Score Assessment is a method to estimate the gestational
age of an infant (Rosenberg & Grover, 2014, p. 9).
A 17-year-old patient presents to your clinic today with her mom and wants to be
put on an oral contraceptive pill (OCP). The nurse practitioner knows that which of
the following is an absolute contraindication to prescribing OCP?
a. Mom has a history of breast cancer
b. Patient has a personal history of migraines with aura
c. Patient has dysmenorrhea
d. Patient has a history of ovarian cysts - ANSWER *b. Patient has a personal
history of migraines with aura
Rationale: Absolute contraindications to combined oral contraceptive pills are
pregnancy, breast feeding within 6 weeks of childbirth, hypertension (SBP >160 or
DBP >100), history of thrombophlebitis, current thromboembolic disorder,
cerebrovascular diseases, ischemic heart disease, known thrombogenic mutations,
system lupus erythematosus, complicated valvular heart disease, diabetes (with
, nephropathy, retinopathy or neuropathy), liver disease, current breast cancer,
migraines headaches with aura, major surgery with prolonged. Additionally, health
benefits of oral contraceptive pills are dysmenorrhea and functional ovarian cysts
(Sass & Kaplan, 2014, p.150-151).
Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea may be specific for cardiac disease and is
characterized by:
a. sleep apnea and snoring
b. fits of coughing that occur while sleeping
c. orthopnea
d. shortness of breath occurring abruptly during sleep, relieved after standing or
sitting - ANSWER *d. shortness of breath occurring abruptly during sleep,
relieved after standing or sitting
Rationale: Orthopnea is dyspnea that occurs in recumbency and results from an
increase in central blood volume when supine. It may also result from pulmonary
disease and obesity. Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea is shortness of breath that
occurs abruptly 30 minutes to 4 hours after going to bed and is relieved after 10 or
20 minutes by sitting up or standing up; this symptom is more specific for cardiac
disease.
A previously healthy18 month old child is brought in with wheezing following 2
days of cough, fever and rhinorrhea, O2 saturations are normal. The presumed
diagnosis is most likely_____ and the best treatment at this time is ______:
a. bronchitis; ampicillin
b. rhinitis; antihistamines
c. asthma; bronchodilators
d. bronchiolitis; supportive care - ANSWER * d. bronchiolitis; supportive care
