PECT MODULE 1 STUDY GUIDE 2026
COMPREHENSIVE QUESTIONS AND STEP
BY STEP SOLUTIONS
◉ 1974 Lau v. Nichols
Answer: 1. Identical education is not equal education
2. Districts have to take affirmative steps to overcome education
barriers by non-english speakers
◉ 1981 Castaneda v. Pickard
Answer: 3 pronged test (ed. theory, programs, resources) for
evaluating ELL programs
◉ 1982 Plyer v. Doe
Answer: Cannot deny education because of immigration status
◉ Second language learners often go through what when beginning
to learn English?
Answer: A silent period during which they produce very little oral
language
, ◉ Federal law allows schools to disclose information in a student's
educational records without parental consent to which individuals?
Answer: Educators with legitimate educational interest in the
student
◉ What is the goal of giving an informal assessment to an ELL
student?
Answer: Identify any specific weaknesses in the student's academic
knowledge and skills
◉ An example of a universal accommodation for a reading
assignment
Answer: Providing digital textbooks with features such as images,
text-to-speech, videos and modifiable texts
◉ What is a major role of assessment anchors on the PSSA's?
Answer: Clarifying the standards assessed on the PSSA to support
student's learning of essential skills and knowledge
◉ Two-word utterances begin when?
Answer: 18-24 months
◉ Children say their first words between when?
Answer: Around 1 year
COMPREHENSIVE QUESTIONS AND STEP
BY STEP SOLUTIONS
◉ 1974 Lau v. Nichols
Answer: 1. Identical education is not equal education
2. Districts have to take affirmative steps to overcome education
barriers by non-english speakers
◉ 1981 Castaneda v. Pickard
Answer: 3 pronged test (ed. theory, programs, resources) for
evaluating ELL programs
◉ 1982 Plyer v. Doe
Answer: Cannot deny education because of immigration status
◉ Second language learners often go through what when beginning
to learn English?
Answer: A silent period during which they produce very little oral
language
, ◉ Federal law allows schools to disclose information in a student's
educational records without parental consent to which individuals?
Answer: Educators with legitimate educational interest in the
student
◉ What is the goal of giving an informal assessment to an ELL
student?
Answer: Identify any specific weaknesses in the student's academic
knowledge and skills
◉ An example of a universal accommodation for a reading
assignment
Answer: Providing digital textbooks with features such as images,
text-to-speech, videos and modifiable texts
◉ What is a major role of assessment anchors on the PSSA's?
Answer: Clarifying the standards assessed on the PSSA to support
student's learning of essential skills and knowledge
◉ Two-word utterances begin when?
Answer: 18-24 months
◉ Children say their first words between when?
Answer: Around 1 year
