Rasmussen Pathophysiology Exam QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED
ANSWERS (GRADED A+) DETAILED ANSWERS!! A+ Grade
2026\2027
function of mitochondria
- correct answer ATP production/cellular respiration, powerhouse of the cell
Rough ER
- correct answer That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum studded with ribosomes.
Smooth ER
- correct answer That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum that is free of ribosomes.
Homeostasis
- correct answer A tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state; the regulation of any
aspect of body chemistry, such as blood glucose, around a particular level
Hypertrophy
- correct answer increase in muscle/tissue size, excessive development
atrophy
- correct answer the wasting away of a body organ or tissue; any progressive decline or failure; to waste
away
Ischemia
- correct answer an inadequate blood supply to an organ or part of the body, especially the heart
muscles.
S/S of Objective Data
- correct answer Any observations made by using your senses (pts. blood pressure, physical findings, and
lab values)
,S/S of Subjective Data
- correct answer Any symptoms pt. complains of, what the pt. feels (pain)
Epinephrine
- correct answer Neurotransmitter secreted by the adrenal medulla in response to stress. Also known as
adrenaline.
Renin
- correct answer hormone secreted by the kidney; it raises blood pressure by influencing
vasoconstriction (narrowing of blood vessels)
What causes edema?
- correct answer -reduced concentration of plasma proteins
-increased permeability of capillary wall
-increased venous pressure
-blockage of lymph vessels
Signs and symptoms of fluid excess
- correct answer edema, dysnpea (trouble breathing), hyptertension (high bp), JVD, pulse increase and
bounding, weight increase
Signs and symptoms of dehydration
- correct answer Dry mucous membranes, decreased skin turgor, Low BP, Low pulse, fatigue, Increased
HCT, decreased mental function, confusion, and loss of consciousness
S/S of hypocalcemia
- correct answer - muscle twitches/tetany
- hyperactive DTRs
- positive Chvostek's sign (tapping on the facial nerve triggering facial twitching)
- positive Trousseau's sign (hand/finger spasms with sustained blood pressure cuff inflation)
- seizures
, Osmosis
- correct answer Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane
Diffusion
- correct answer Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower
concentration.
active transport
- correct answer Energy-requiring process that moves material across a cell membrane against a
concentration difference
Effect of hypertonic solution
- correct answer cell shrinks and can die
effect of a hypotonic solution
- correct answer cell swells and can burst
active immunity
- correct answer A form of acquired immunity in which the body produces its own antibodies against
disease-causing antigens.
passive immunity
- correct answer An individual does not produce his or her own antibodies, but rather receives them
directly from another source, such as mother to infant through breast milk
Examples of active immunity
- correct answer natural infection, vaccines,
Examples of passive immunity
- correct answer IgA in breast milk, maternal IgG crossing placenta, antitoxin, humanized monoclonal
antibody
acquired immunity
- correct answer Immunity that is present only after exposure and is highly specific.
ANSWERS (GRADED A+) DETAILED ANSWERS!! A+ Grade
2026\2027
function of mitochondria
- correct answer ATP production/cellular respiration, powerhouse of the cell
Rough ER
- correct answer That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum studded with ribosomes.
Smooth ER
- correct answer That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum that is free of ribosomes.
Homeostasis
- correct answer A tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state; the regulation of any
aspect of body chemistry, such as blood glucose, around a particular level
Hypertrophy
- correct answer increase in muscle/tissue size, excessive development
atrophy
- correct answer the wasting away of a body organ or tissue; any progressive decline or failure; to waste
away
Ischemia
- correct answer an inadequate blood supply to an organ or part of the body, especially the heart
muscles.
S/S of Objective Data
- correct answer Any observations made by using your senses (pts. blood pressure, physical findings, and
lab values)
,S/S of Subjective Data
- correct answer Any symptoms pt. complains of, what the pt. feels (pain)
Epinephrine
- correct answer Neurotransmitter secreted by the adrenal medulla in response to stress. Also known as
adrenaline.
Renin
- correct answer hormone secreted by the kidney; it raises blood pressure by influencing
vasoconstriction (narrowing of blood vessels)
What causes edema?
- correct answer -reduced concentration of plasma proteins
-increased permeability of capillary wall
-increased venous pressure
-blockage of lymph vessels
Signs and symptoms of fluid excess
- correct answer edema, dysnpea (trouble breathing), hyptertension (high bp), JVD, pulse increase and
bounding, weight increase
Signs and symptoms of dehydration
- correct answer Dry mucous membranes, decreased skin turgor, Low BP, Low pulse, fatigue, Increased
HCT, decreased mental function, confusion, and loss of consciousness
S/S of hypocalcemia
- correct answer - muscle twitches/tetany
- hyperactive DTRs
- positive Chvostek's sign (tapping on the facial nerve triggering facial twitching)
- positive Trousseau's sign (hand/finger spasms with sustained blood pressure cuff inflation)
- seizures
, Osmosis
- correct answer Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane
Diffusion
- correct answer Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower
concentration.
active transport
- correct answer Energy-requiring process that moves material across a cell membrane against a
concentration difference
Effect of hypertonic solution
- correct answer cell shrinks and can die
effect of a hypotonic solution
- correct answer cell swells and can burst
active immunity
- correct answer A form of acquired immunity in which the body produces its own antibodies against
disease-causing antigens.
passive immunity
- correct answer An individual does not produce his or her own antibodies, but rather receives them
directly from another source, such as mother to infant through breast milk
Examples of active immunity
- correct answer natural infection, vaccines,
Examples of passive immunity
- correct answer IgA in breast milk, maternal IgG crossing placenta, antitoxin, humanized monoclonal
antibody
acquired immunity
- correct answer Immunity that is present only after exposure and is highly specific.
