Semmelweis Entrance Exam Medicine Biology
2026 Questions and Answers ()
(Verified Answers by Expert)
What are hydrogen bonds?
a special type of dipole-dipole attraction between molecules, not a
covalent bond to a hydrogen atom. It results from the attractive force
between a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to a very electronegative
atom such as a N, O, or F atom and another very electronegative atom
Why is DNA antiparallel?
so that the paired bases can face each other
what is mRNA?
Messenger RNA: Encodes amino acid sequence of a polypeptide
What is tRNA?
transfer RNA. It carries amino acids around during translation.
,What is rRNA?
Ribosomal RNA. with ribosomal proteins, makes up the ribosomes, the
organelles that translate the mRNA
what is snRNA?
small nuclear RNA. with proteins, forms complexes that are used in RNA
processing in eukaryotes
What are enzymes?
biological catalysts. They are globular proteins that can speed up a
biochemical reaction. Alternative pathway
What is glycolysis?
the breakdown of glucose by enzymes, releasing energy and pyruvic
acid.
What is the kreb's cycle?
second stage of cellular respiration, in which pyruvic acid is broken down
into carbon dioxide in a series of energy-extracting reactions
What is the mechanism of ATP production in the mitochondria?
located in the inner mitochondrial membrane, allows the protons to
diffuse back across the membrane to the matrix. ATP synthase uses the
energy that the protons release as they diffuse down the concentration
gradient to produce ATP
, What is the net yield of ATP in cellular respiration?
38 total
2 in glycolysis
2 in Krebs's cycle
34 in chemiosmosis (electron transport chain)
What is DNA replication?
the process of copying DNA
What is DNA transcription?
the organic process whereby the DNA sequence in a gene is copied into
mRNA
What is translation?
the decoding of an mRNA message into amino acids which ultimately
form protein
what are the stages of transcription?
Initiation, elongation, termination
How does DNA replication occur?
2026 Questions and Answers ()
(Verified Answers by Expert)
What are hydrogen bonds?
a special type of dipole-dipole attraction between molecules, not a
covalent bond to a hydrogen atom. It results from the attractive force
between a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to a very electronegative
atom such as a N, O, or F atom and another very electronegative atom
Why is DNA antiparallel?
so that the paired bases can face each other
what is mRNA?
Messenger RNA: Encodes amino acid sequence of a polypeptide
What is tRNA?
transfer RNA. It carries amino acids around during translation.
,What is rRNA?
Ribosomal RNA. with ribosomal proteins, makes up the ribosomes, the
organelles that translate the mRNA
what is snRNA?
small nuclear RNA. with proteins, forms complexes that are used in RNA
processing in eukaryotes
What are enzymes?
biological catalysts. They are globular proteins that can speed up a
biochemical reaction. Alternative pathway
What is glycolysis?
the breakdown of glucose by enzymes, releasing energy and pyruvic
acid.
What is the kreb's cycle?
second stage of cellular respiration, in which pyruvic acid is broken down
into carbon dioxide in a series of energy-extracting reactions
What is the mechanism of ATP production in the mitochondria?
located in the inner mitochondrial membrane, allows the protons to
diffuse back across the membrane to the matrix. ATP synthase uses the
energy that the protons release as they diffuse down the concentration
gradient to produce ATP
, What is the net yield of ATP in cellular respiration?
38 total
2 in glycolysis
2 in Krebs's cycle
34 in chemiosmosis (electron transport chain)
What is DNA replication?
the process of copying DNA
What is DNA transcription?
the organic process whereby the DNA sequence in a gene is copied into
mRNA
What is translation?
the decoding of an mRNA message into amino acids which ultimately
form protein
what are the stages of transcription?
Initiation, elongation, termination
How does DNA replication occur?
