SLP Praxis with questions
and well verified answers
actual exam!!! 2026
What are Piaget's stages of cognitive development? - ANSWER -Sensorimotor (0-2)
Preoperational (2-7)
Concrete (7-11)
Formal (11+)
What are the muscles involved in inspiration? - ANSWER -Diaphragm
External intercostal muscles: raise the ribs up and out
Serratus posterior superior: elevates rib cage
Levator costarum brevis: elevates rib cage
Levator costarum logies: elevates rib cage
What are the muscles involved in expiration? - ANSWER -Internal intercostal muscles
Latissimus dorsi
Rectum abdominis
Transverse abdominis
Internal oblique abdominal
Quadrates lumborum
,What structures are involved in respiration? - ANSWER -Lungs
Bronchi
Trachea
Spinal column
Sternum: manubrium, corpus, xiphoid process
Rib cage
What is the myoelastic-aerodynamic theory? - ANSWER -It's a theory of phonation. VF
closure -> build up of sub glottal air pressure -> pressure blows the folds apart -> folds vibrate -
> air moves through glottal opening, decreasing pressure -> folds sucked back together.
What are the laryngeal cartilages? - ANSWER -Hyoid bone
Epiglottis
Thyroid cartilage
Cricoid cartilage
Arytenoids
Corniculates
Discuss the vocal folds, aryepiglottic folds and ventricular folds. - ANSWER -Vocal folds:
They have three layers
Epithelium: the outer cover.
Lamina propia: the middle.
Vocalis muscle: the body
Aryepiglottic folds:
They go from arytenoids to larynx. Help preserve airway.
Ventricular folds:
Sometimes vibrate with low frequencies.
,What are the intrinsic muscles involved in phonation? - ANSWER -internal
thyroarytenoid: it's the primary portion of thryoarynteoid muscles. it vibrates and produces
sounds.
cricothyroid: lengthens and tenses vocal folds.
oblique and transverse arytenoid: contract and pull arynteoids together for adduction.
posterior cricoarynteoid: abducts
lateral cricoarytenoid: adducts
What are the extrinsic muscles involved in phonation? - ANSWER -Elevators:
Digastric
Geniohyoid
Mylohyoid
Stylohyoid
Hyoglossus
Genioglossus
Depressors:
Thyrohyoid
Omohyoid
Sternothryoid
Sternohyoid
How many/what type of teeth do we have? - ANSWER -32 teeth: 4 incisors, 2 canine, 4
premolar and 6 molar
What are the parts of the tongue? - ANSWER -tip, blade, dorsum, root and lingual
frenulum.
, What are the intrinsic muscles of the tongue? - ANSWER -All innervated by CN 12
Superior longitudinal muscle: shortens tongue. turns tip upward.
Inferior longitudinal muscle: shortens tongue. turns tip downward.
Transverse muscle: elongates tongue
Vertical muscle: narrows tongue
What are the extrinsic muscles of the tongue? - ANSWER -All innervated by CN 12
Genioglossus: forms bulk of tongue. retracts, draws tongue downward
Styloglossus: draws tongue up and back
Hyoglossus: retracts and depresses tongue
Chondroglossus: depresses tongue
Palatoglossus: elevates tongue and depresses velum
What are the muscles of the pharynx? - ANSWER -salpingopharyngeus: elevates
laryngeal wall
stylopharyngeus: elevates and opens pharynx
superior pharyngeal constrictor: pulls wall forward
middle pharyngeal constrictor: narrows diameter or pharynx
inferior pharyngeal constrictor: constricts office of esophagus and reduces diameter of
pharynx
What are the muscles of the soft palate? - ANSWER -levator veli palatini: elevates velum
tensor veli palatini: tenses velum
palatoglossus: elevates and depresses velum
palatopharyngeus: lowers velum
What are the structures of the hard palate? - ANSWER -Pre maxilla
Palatine process
and well verified answers
actual exam!!! 2026
What are Piaget's stages of cognitive development? - ANSWER -Sensorimotor (0-2)
Preoperational (2-7)
Concrete (7-11)
Formal (11+)
What are the muscles involved in inspiration? - ANSWER -Diaphragm
External intercostal muscles: raise the ribs up and out
Serratus posterior superior: elevates rib cage
Levator costarum brevis: elevates rib cage
Levator costarum logies: elevates rib cage
What are the muscles involved in expiration? - ANSWER -Internal intercostal muscles
Latissimus dorsi
Rectum abdominis
Transverse abdominis
Internal oblique abdominal
Quadrates lumborum
,What structures are involved in respiration? - ANSWER -Lungs
Bronchi
Trachea
Spinal column
Sternum: manubrium, corpus, xiphoid process
Rib cage
What is the myoelastic-aerodynamic theory? - ANSWER -It's a theory of phonation. VF
closure -> build up of sub glottal air pressure -> pressure blows the folds apart -> folds vibrate -
> air moves through glottal opening, decreasing pressure -> folds sucked back together.
What are the laryngeal cartilages? - ANSWER -Hyoid bone
Epiglottis
Thyroid cartilage
Cricoid cartilage
Arytenoids
Corniculates
Discuss the vocal folds, aryepiglottic folds and ventricular folds. - ANSWER -Vocal folds:
They have three layers
Epithelium: the outer cover.
Lamina propia: the middle.
Vocalis muscle: the body
Aryepiglottic folds:
They go from arytenoids to larynx. Help preserve airway.
Ventricular folds:
Sometimes vibrate with low frequencies.
,What are the intrinsic muscles involved in phonation? - ANSWER -internal
thyroarytenoid: it's the primary portion of thryoarynteoid muscles. it vibrates and produces
sounds.
cricothyroid: lengthens and tenses vocal folds.
oblique and transverse arytenoid: contract and pull arynteoids together for adduction.
posterior cricoarynteoid: abducts
lateral cricoarytenoid: adducts
What are the extrinsic muscles involved in phonation? - ANSWER -Elevators:
Digastric
Geniohyoid
Mylohyoid
Stylohyoid
Hyoglossus
Genioglossus
Depressors:
Thyrohyoid
Omohyoid
Sternothryoid
Sternohyoid
How many/what type of teeth do we have? - ANSWER -32 teeth: 4 incisors, 2 canine, 4
premolar and 6 molar
What are the parts of the tongue? - ANSWER -tip, blade, dorsum, root and lingual
frenulum.
, What are the intrinsic muscles of the tongue? - ANSWER -All innervated by CN 12
Superior longitudinal muscle: shortens tongue. turns tip upward.
Inferior longitudinal muscle: shortens tongue. turns tip downward.
Transverse muscle: elongates tongue
Vertical muscle: narrows tongue
What are the extrinsic muscles of the tongue? - ANSWER -All innervated by CN 12
Genioglossus: forms bulk of tongue. retracts, draws tongue downward
Styloglossus: draws tongue up and back
Hyoglossus: retracts and depresses tongue
Chondroglossus: depresses tongue
Palatoglossus: elevates tongue and depresses velum
What are the muscles of the pharynx? - ANSWER -salpingopharyngeus: elevates
laryngeal wall
stylopharyngeus: elevates and opens pharynx
superior pharyngeal constrictor: pulls wall forward
middle pharyngeal constrictor: narrows diameter or pharynx
inferior pharyngeal constrictor: constricts office of esophagus and reduces diameter of
pharynx
What are the muscles of the soft palate? - ANSWER -levator veli palatini: elevates velum
tensor veli palatini: tenses velum
palatoglossus: elevates and depresses velum
palatopharyngeus: lowers velum
What are the structures of the hard palate? - ANSWER -Pre maxilla
Palatine process
