Aeronautical
Engineer’s
Data Book
Clifford Matthews BSc, CEng, MBA, FIMechE
OXFORD AUCKLAND BOSTON JOHANNESBURG
MELBOURNE NEW DELHI
,Butterworth-Heineman
Linacre House, Jordan Hill, Oxford OX2 8DP
225 Wildwood Avenue, Woburn, MA 01801-2041
A division of Reed Educational and Professional Publishing Ltd
A member of the Reed Elsevier plc group
First published 2002
© Clifford Matthews 2002
All rights reserved. No part of this publication
may be reproduced in any material form (including
photocopying or storing in any medium by electronic
means and whether or not transiently or incidentally
to some other use of this publication) without the
written permission of the copyright holder except
in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright,
Designs and Patents Act 1988 or under the terms of a
licence issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd,
90 Tottenham Court Road, London, England W1P 9HE.
Applications for the copyright holder’s written permission
to reproduce any part of this publication should be addressed
to the publishers
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
Matthews, Clifford
Aeronautical engineer’s data book
1. Aerospace engineering–Handbooks, manuals, etc.
I. Title
629.1’3
Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication Data
Matthews, Clifford.
Aeronautical engineer’s data book / Clifford Matthews.
p. cm.
Includes index.
ISBN 0 7506 5125 3
1. Aeronautics–Handbooks, Manuals, etc. I. Title.
TL570.M34 2001
629.13'002'12–dc21 2001037429
ISBN 0 7506 5125 3
Composition by Scribe Design, Gillingham, Kent, UK
Printed and bound by A. Rowe Ltd,
Chippenham and Reading, UK
,Contents
Acknowledgements vii
Preface ix
Disclaimer x
1 Important Regulations and Directives 1
2 Fundamental Dimensions and Units 6
2.1 The Greek alphabet 6
2.2 Units systems 7
2.3 Conversions 8
2.4 Consistency of units 20
2.5 Foolproof conversions: using unity
brackets 21
2.6 Imperial–metric conversions 22
2.7 Dimensional analysis 22
2.8 Essential mathematics 25
2.9 Useful references and standards 47
3 Symbols and Notations 49
3.1 Parameters and constants 49
3.2 Weights of gases 49
3.3 Densities of liquids at 0°C 50
3.4 Notation: aerodynamics and fluid
mechanics 50
3.5 The International Standard
Atmosphere (ISA) 56
4 Aeronautical Definitions 66
4.1 Forces and moments 66
4.2 Basic aircraft terminology 70
4.3 Helicopter terminology 71
4.4 Common aviation terms 72
4.5 Airspace terms 75
5 Basic Fluid Mechanics 76
5.1 Basic properties 76
5.2 Flow equations 79
, iv Contents
5.3 Flow regimes 86
5.4 Boundary layers 88
5.5 Isentropic flow 89
5.6 Compressible 1D flow 90
5.7 Normal shock waves 91
5.8 Axisymmetric flow 93
5.9 Drag coefficients 94
6 Basic Aerodynamics 96
6.1 General airfoil theory 96
6.2 Airfoil coefficients 96
6.3 Pressure distributions 98
6.4 Aerodynamic centre 100
6.5 Centre of pressure 101
6.6 Supersonic conditions 102
6.7 Wing loading: semi-ellipse
assumption 103
7 Principles of Flight Dynamics 106
7.1 Flight dynamics – conceptual
breakdown 106
7.2 Axes notation 106
7.3 The generalized force equations 110
7.4 The generalized moment equations 110
7.5 Non-linear equations of motion 111
7.6 The linearized equations of motion 111
7.7 Stability 114
8 Principles of Propulsion 115
8.1 Propellers 115
8.2 The gas turbine engine: general
principles 118
8.3 Engine data lists 126
8.4 Aero engine terminology 126
8.5 Power ratings 129
9 Aircraft Performance 132
9.1 Aircraft roles and operational profile 132
9.2 Aircraft range and endurance 136
9.3 Aircraft design studies 138
9.4 Aircraft noise 140
9.5 Aircraft emissions 144
10 Aircraft Design and Construction 145
10.1 Basic design configuration 145
10.2 Materials of construction 164
10.3 Helicopter design 165
10.4 Helicopter design studies 168
Engineer’s
Data Book
Clifford Matthews BSc, CEng, MBA, FIMechE
OXFORD AUCKLAND BOSTON JOHANNESBURG
MELBOURNE NEW DELHI
,Butterworth-Heineman
Linacre House, Jordan Hill, Oxford OX2 8DP
225 Wildwood Avenue, Woburn, MA 01801-2041
A division of Reed Educational and Professional Publishing Ltd
A member of the Reed Elsevier plc group
First published 2002
© Clifford Matthews 2002
All rights reserved. No part of this publication
may be reproduced in any material form (including
photocopying or storing in any medium by electronic
means and whether or not transiently or incidentally
to some other use of this publication) without the
written permission of the copyright holder except
in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright,
Designs and Patents Act 1988 or under the terms of a
licence issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd,
90 Tottenham Court Road, London, England W1P 9HE.
Applications for the copyright holder’s written permission
to reproduce any part of this publication should be addressed
to the publishers
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
Matthews, Clifford
Aeronautical engineer’s data book
1. Aerospace engineering–Handbooks, manuals, etc.
I. Title
629.1’3
Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication Data
Matthews, Clifford.
Aeronautical engineer’s data book / Clifford Matthews.
p. cm.
Includes index.
ISBN 0 7506 5125 3
1. Aeronautics–Handbooks, Manuals, etc. I. Title.
TL570.M34 2001
629.13'002'12–dc21 2001037429
ISBN 0 7506 5125 3
Composition by Scribe Design, Gillingham, Kent, UK
Printed and bound by A. Rowe Ltd,
Chippenham and Reading, UK
,Contents
Acknowledgements vii
Preface ix
Disclaimer x
1 Important Regulations and Directives 1
2 Fundamental Dimensions and Units 6
2.1 The Greek alphabet 6
2.2 Units systems 7
2.3 Conversions 8
2.4 Consistency of units 20
2.5 Foolproof conversions: using unity
brackets 21
2.6 Imperial–metric conversions 22
2.7 Dimensional analysis 22
2.8 Essential mathematics 25
2.9 Useful references and standards 47
3 Symbols and Notations 49
3.1 Parameters and constants 49
3.2 Weights of gases 49
3.3 Densities of liquids at 0°C 50
3.4 Notation: aerodynamics and fluid
mechanics 50
3.5 The International Standard
Atmosphere (ISA) 56
4 Aeronautical Definitions 66
4.1 Forces and moments 66
4.2 Basic aircraft terminology 70
4.3 Helicopter terminology 71
4.4 Common aviation terms 72
4.5 Airspace terms 75
5 Basic Fluid Mechanics 76
5.1 Basic properties 76
5.2 Flow equations 79
, iv Contents
5.3 Flow regimes 86
5.4 Boundary layers 88
5.5 Isentropic flow 89
5.6 Compressible 1D flow 90
5.7 Normal shock waves 91
5.8 Axisymmetric flow 93
5.9 Drag coefficients 94
6 Basic Aerodynamics 96
6.1 General airfoil theory 96
6.2 Airfoil coefficients 96
6.3 Pressure distributions 98
6.4 Aerodynamic centre 100
6.5 Centre of pressure 101
6.6 Supersonic conditions 102
6.7 Wing loading: semi-ellipse
assumption 103
7 Principles of Flight Dynamics 106
7.1 Flight dynamics – conceptual
breakdown 106
7.2 Axes notation 106
7.3 The generalized force equations 110
7.4 The generalized moment equations 110
7.5 Non-linear equations of motion 111
7.6 The linearized equations of motion 111
7.7 Stability 114
8 Principles of Propulsion 115
8.1 Propellers 115
8.2 The gas turbine engine: general
principles 118
8.3 Engine data lists 126
8.4 Aero engine terminology 126
8.5 Power ratings 129
9 Aircraft Performance 132
9.1 Aircraft roles and operational profile 132
9.2 Aircraft range and endurance 136
9.3 Aircraft design studies 138
9.4 Aircraft noise 140
9.5 Aircraft emissions 144
10 Aircraft Design and Construction 145
10.1 Basic design configuration 145
10.2 Materials of construction 164
10.3 Helicopter design 165
10.4 Helicopter design studies 168
