CHEM 108 FINAL STUDY GUIDE 2026 REVIEW
MATERIAL PRACTICE MASTER
◉ Metabolism involves. Answer: All chemical reactions that provide
energy & substances needed for growth
Catabolic and anabolic reactions
◉ Catabolic reactions. Answer: break down large complex molecules
into smaller ones to provide energy
◉ Anabolic. Answer: use ATP to build larger molecules
◉ Stages of Metabolism Catabolism. Answer: Three stages large
molecules from foods are digested and degraded to give smaller
molecules that can be oxidized to produce energy.
◉ Metabolism Stage 1. Answer: Digestion & hydrolysis breakdown of
large molecules so that they can enter the blood stream
◉ Metabolism Stage 2. Answer: Degradation breaks down molecules
to 2 & 3 carbon compounds
,◉ Metabolism Stage 3. Answer: Oxidation of small molecules in the
TCA & e' transfer produce energy (ATP)
◉ mitochondrion. Answer: contains the structures for the synthesis
of ATP from energy-producing reactions
◉ energy is stored as. Answer: adenosine triphosphate
◉ We use energy from ATP hydrolysis every time we. Answer: -Are
doing "work"
-1-2 million ATP get hydrolyzed in one second when a cell is doing
work
◉ The hydrolysis of ATP to ADP (adenosine diphosphate) releases.
Answer: 7.3 kcal per mole of ATP.
ATP -->ADP + P (inorganic phosphate)
◉ ADP can hydrolyze to form. Answer: adenosine monophosphate
(AMP) and an inorganic phosphate (Pi).
ADP -->AMP + P
, ◉ What is used in anabolic reactions?. Answer: ATP
◉ What is the the energy-storage molecule?. Answer: ATP
◉ What is coupled with energy requiring reactions?. Answer: ATP
◉ What are the hydrolysis products?. Answer: ADP + Pi
◉ In stage 1 of catabolism, foods undergo. Answer: digestion, a
process that converts large molecules to smaller ones that can be
absorbed by the body.
◉ To digest carbs, enzymes produced in the salivary glands
hydrolyze. Answer: some of the α-glycosidic bonds in amylose and
amylopectin, producing
smaller polysaccharides
◉ What are the smaller polysaccharides that are produced by
digestion of carbs?. Answer: maltose, glucose, dextrin
◉ What happens because of the acidic environment of the stomach?.
Answer: carb digestion stops
MATERIAL PRACTICE MASTER
◉ Metabolism involves. Answer: All chemical reactions that provide
energy & substances needed for growth
Catabolic and anabolic reactions
◉ Catabolic reactions. Answer: break down large complex molecules
into smaller ones to provide energy
◉ Anabolic. Answer: use ATP to build larger molecules
◉ Stages of Metabolism Catabolism. Answer: Three stages large
molecules from foods are digested and degraded to give smaller
molecules that can be oxidized to produce energy.
◉ Metabolism Stage 1. Answer: Digestion & hydrolysis breakdown of
large molecules so that they can enter the blood stream
◉ Metabolism Stage 2. Answer: Degradation breaks down molecules
to 2 & 3 carbon compounds
,◉ Metabolism Stage 3. Answer: Oxidation of small molecules in the
TCA & e' transfer produce energy (ATP)
◉ mitochondrion. Answer: contains the structures for the synthesis
of ATP from energy-producing reactions
◉ energy is stored as. Answer: adenosine triphosphate
◉ We use energy from ATP hydrolysis every time we. Answer: -Are
doing "work"
-1-2 million ATP get hydrolyzed in one second when a cell is doing
work
◉ The hydrolysis of ATP to ADP (adenosine diphosphate) releases.
Answer: 7.3 kcal per mole of ATP.
ATP -->ADP + P (inorganic phosphate)
◉ ADP can hydrolyze to form. Answer: adenosine monophosphate
(AMP) and an inorganic phosphate (Pi).
ADP -->AMP + P
, ◉ What is used in anabolic reactions?. Answer: ATP
◉ What is the the energy-storage molecule?. Answer: ATP
◉ What is coupled with energy requiring reactions?. Answer: ATP
◉ What are the hydrolysis products?. Answer: ADP + Pi
◉ In stage 1 of catabolism, foods undergo. Answer: digestion, a
process that converts large molecules to smaller ones that can be
absorbed by the body.
◉ To digest carbs, enzymes produced in the salivary glands
hydrolyze. Answer: some of the α-glycosidic bonds in amylose and
amylopectin, producing
smaller polysaccharides
◉ What are the smaller polysaccharides that are produced by
digestion of carbs?. Answer: maltose, glucose, dextrin
◉ What happens because of the acidic environment of the stomach?.
Answer: carb digestion stops
